High School Social Studies B.E.S.T. Standards

African American History

Financial Literacy

Holocaust Education

Sociology

Psychology

Humanities

World History

Civics and Government (Starting 2023-2024)

Civics and Government

Economics

Geography

American History

Use research and inquiry skills to analyze American history using primary and secondary sources.

Describe the importance of historiography, which includes how historical knowledge is obtained and transmitted, when interpreting events in history.

Utilize a variety of primary and secondary sources to identify author, historical significance, audience, and authenticity to understand a historical period.

Utilize timelines to identify the time sequence of historical data.

Analyze how images, symbols, objects, cartoons, graphs, charts, maps, and artwork may be used to interpret the significance of time periods and events from the past.

Evaluate the validity, reliability, bias, and authenticity of current events and Internet resources.

Use case studies to explore social, political, legal, and economic relationships in history.

Describe various socio-cultural aspects of American life including arts, artifacts, literature, education, and publications.

Understand the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War and Reconstruction and its effects on the American people.

Review causes and consequences of the Civil War.

Assess the influence of significant people or groups on Reconstruction.

Describe the issues that divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction era.

Distinguish the freedoms guaranteed to African Americans and other groups with the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.

Assess how Jim Crow Laws influenced life for African Americans and other racial/ethnic minority groups.

Compare the effects of the Black Codes and the Nadir on freed people, and analyze the sharecropping system and debt peonage as practiced in the United States.

Review the Native American experience.

Analyze the transformation of the American economy and the changing social and political conditions in response to the Industrial Revolution.

Analyze the economic challenges to American farmers and farmers' responses to these challenges in the mid to late 1800s.

Review different economic and philosophic ideologies.

Analyze the impact of political machines in United States cities in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Compare how different nongovernmental organizations and progressives worked to shape public policy, restore economic opportunities, and correct injustices in American life.

Examine key events and peoples in Florida history as they relate to United States history.

Examine the social, political, and economic causes, course, and consequences of the second Industrial Revolution that began in the late 19th century.

Compare the first and second Industrial Revolutions in the United States.

Determine how the development of steel, oil, transportation, communication, and business practices affected the United States economy.

Identify significant inventors of the Industrial Revolution including African Americans and women.

Analyze changes that occurred as the United States shifted from agrarian to an industrial society.

Compare the experience of European immigrants in the east to that of Asian immigrants in the west (the Chinese Exclusion Act, Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan).

Examine the importance of social change and reform in the late 19th and early 20th centuries (class system, migration from farms to cities, Social Gospel movement, role of settlement houses and churches in providing services to the poor).

Examine causes, course, and consequences of the labor movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Demonstrate an understanding of the changing role of the United States in world affairs through the end of World War I.

Analyze the major factors that drove United States imperialism.

Examine the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles and the failure of the United States to support the League of Nations.

Examine key events and peoples in Florida history as they relate to United States history.

Explain the motives of the United States acquisition of the territories.

Examine causes, course, and consequences of the Spanish American War.

Analyze the economic, military, and security motivations of the United States to complete the Panama Canal as well as major obstacles involved in its construction.

Examine causes, course, and consequences of United States involvement in World War I.

Examine how the United States government prepared the nation for war with war measures (Selective Service Act, War Industries Board, war bonds, Espionage Act, Sedition Act, Committee of Public Information).

Examine the impact of airplanes, battleships, new weaponry and chemical warfare in creating new war strategies (trench warfare, convoys).

Compare the experiences Americans (African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, women, conscientious objectors) had while serving in Europe.

Compare how the war impacted German Americans, Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Jewish Americans, Native Americans, women and dissenters in the United States.

Analyze the effects of the changing social, political, and economic conditions of the Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression.

Discuss the economic outcomes of demobilization.

Analyze support for and resistance to civil rights for women, African Americans, Native Americans, and other minorities.

Examine causes, course, and consequences of the Great Depression and the New Deal.

Examine key events and people in Florida history as they relate to United States history.

Explain the causes of the public reaction (Sacco and Vanzetti, labor, racial unrest) associated with the Red Scare.

Examine the impact of United States foreign economic policy during the 1920s.

Evaluate how the economic boom during the Roaring Twenties changed consumers, businesses, manufacturing, and marketing practices.

Describe efforts by the United States and other world powers to avoid future wars.

Analyze the influence that Hollywood, the Harlem Renaissance, the Fundamentalist movement, and prohibition had in changing American society in the 1920s.

Examine the freedom movements that advocated civil rights for African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and women.

Compare the views of Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, and Marcus Garvey relating to the African American experience.

Explain why support for the Ku Klux Klan varied in the 1920s with respect to issues such as anti-immigration, anti-African American, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, anti-women, and anti-union ideas.

Understand the causes and course of World War II, the character of the war at home and abroad, and its reshaping of the United States role in the post-war world.

Examine causes, course, and consequences of World War II on the United States and the world.

Examine causes, course, and consequences of the early years of the Cold War (Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, Warsaw Pact).

Examine the controversy surrounding the proliferation of nuclear technology in the United States and the world.

Examine causes, course, and consequences of the Korean War.

Analyze significant foreign policy events during the Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon administrations.

Analyze causes, course, and consequences of the Vietnam War.

Examine key events and peoples in Florida history as they relate to United States history.

Describe the United States response in the early years of World War II (Neutrality Acts, Cash and Carry, Lend Lease Act).

Analyze the impact of the Holocaust during World War II on Jews as well as other groups.

Examine efforts to expand or contract rights for various populations during World War II.

Explain the impact of World War II on domestic government policy.

Analyze the use of atomic weapons during World War II and the aftermath of the bombings.

Describe the attempts to promote international justice through the Nuremberg Trials.

Analyze the effects of the Red Scare on domestic United States policy.

Describe the rationale for the formation of the United Nations, including the contribution of Mary McLeod Bethune.

Understand the rise and continuing international influence of the United States as a world leader and the impact of contemporary social and political movements on American life.

Identify causes for Post-World War II prosperity and its effects on American society.

Analyze the significance of Vietnam and Watergate on the government and people of the United States.

Analyze the foreign policy of the United States as it relates to Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Analyze political, economic, and social concerns that emerged at the end of the 20th century and into the 21st century.

Analyze the attempts to extend New Deal legislation through the Great Society and the successes and failures of these programs to promote social and economic stability.

Review the role of the United States as a participant in the global economy (trade agreements, international competition, impact on American labor, environmental concerns).

Analyze the effects of foreign and domestic terrorism on the American people.

Examine changes in immigration policy and attitudes toward immigration since 1950.

Examine key events and key people in Florida history as they relate to United States history.

Compare the relative prosperity between different ethnic groups and social classes in the post-World War II period.

Examine the changing status of women in the United States from post-World War II to present.

Evaluate the success of 1960s era presidents' foreign and domestic policies.

Compare nonviolent and violent approaches utilized by groups (African Americans, women, Native Americans, Hispanics) to achieve civil rights.

Assess key figures and organizations in shaping the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement.

Assess the building of coalitions between African Americans, whites, and other groups in achieving integration and equal rights.

Analyze significant Supreme Court decisions relating to integration, busing, affirmative action, the rights of the accused, and reproductive rights.

Examine the similarities of social movements (Native Americans, Hispanics, women, anti-war protesters) of the 1960s and 1970s.

Examine the causes, courses and consequences of the slave trade in the colonies from 1609-1776.

Examine the condition of slavery as it existed in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe prior to 1619.

Evaluate efforts by groups to limit the expansion of race-based slavery in Colonial America.

Examine different events in which Africans resisted slavery.

Examine the significance of "Ladinos" (Africans, Atlantic creoles) and Spanish explorers who laid claim to "La Florida."

Analyze the development of labor systems using indentured servitude contracts with English settlers and Africans early in Jamestown, Virginia.

Analyze the reciprocal roles of the Triangular Trade routes between Africa and the western hemisphere, Africa and Europe, and Europe and the western hemisphere.

Examine the development of slavery and describe the conditions for Africans during their passage to America.

Explain the significance of England sending convicts, vagabonds and children to the colonies.

Describe the harsh conditions in the Virginia Colony.

Compare the living conditions of slaves in British North American colonies, the Caribbean, Central America and South America, including infant mortality rates.

Analyze the headright system in Jamestown, Virginia and other southern colonies.

Evaluate how conditions for Africans changed in colonial North America from 1619-1776.

Analyze events that involved or affected African descendants and changed the American economic, political and social landscapes between 1776-1865.

Describe the contributions of Africans to society, science, poetry, politics, oratory, literature, music, dance, Christianity and exploration in the United States from 1776-1865.

Evaluate the Abolitionist Movement and its leaders and how they contributed in different ways to eliminate slavery.

Describe the impact The Society of Friends had on the abolition of slavery.

Explain how the Underground Railroad and its conductors successfully relocated slaves to free states and Canada.

Explain how the rise of cash crops accelerated the growth of the domestic slave trade in the United States.

Compare the actions of Nat Turner, John Brown and Frederick Douglass and the direct responses to their efforts to end slavery.

Describe the effects produced by asylum offered to slaves by Spanish Florida.

Describe Florida colonies that existed between the colonial period through the acquisition of Florida with the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, which was called the Transcontinental Treaty and ratified in 1821.

Explain how slave codes were strengthened in response to Africans' resistance to slavery.

Compare the influences of individuals and groups on social and political developments during the Early National Period.

Examine political actions of the Continental Congress regarding the practice of slavery.

Examine how federal and state laws shaped the lives and rights for enslaved and free Africans in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Analyze the provisions under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution regarding slavery.

Analyze the contributions of founding principles of liberty, justice and equality in the quest to end slavery.

Examine the range and variety of specialized roles performed by slaves.

Explain how early abolitionist movements advocated for the civil rights of Africans in America.

Identify significant events, figures and contributions that shaped African American life from 1865-1954.

Analyze the changing social and economic roles of African Americans during the Civil War and the Exodus of 1879.

Describe the Harlem Renaissance and examine contributions from African American artists, musicians and writers and their lasting influence on American culture.

Examine and analyze the impact and achievements of African American women in the fields of education, journalism, science, industry, the arts, and as writers and orators in the 20th century.

Analyze the impact and contributions of African American role models as inventors, scientists, industrialist, educators, artists, athletes, politicians and physicians in the 19th and early 20th centuries and explain the significance of their work on American society.

Explain how WWII was an impetus for the modern Civil Rights Movement.

Examine key figures and events from Florida that affected African Americans.

Examine social contributions of African Americans post-Civil War.

Examine the importance of sacrifices, contributions and experiences of African Americans during wartime from the Spanish-American War through the Korean War.

Evaluate the relationship of various ethnic groups to African Americans' access to rights, privileges and liberties in the United States.

Explain the struggles faced by African American women in the 19th century as it relates to issues of suffrage, business and access to education.

Describe the emergence, growth, destruction and rebuilding of black communities during Reconstruction and beyond.

Examine economic developments of and for African Americans post-WWI, including the spending power and the development of black businesses and innovations.

Examine political developments of and for African Americans in the post- WWI period.

Examine the various factors that led to and the consequences of the Great Migration.

Analyze economic, political, legal and social advancements of African Americans and their contributions and sacrifices to American life from 1954 to present, including factors that influenced them.

Analyze the influences and contributions of African American musical pioneers.

Identify key legislation and the politicians and political figures who advanced American equality and representative democracy.

Analyze the role of famous African Americans who contributed to the visual and performing arts (e.g., Florida Highwaymen, Marian Anderson, Alvin Ailey, Misty Copeland).

Analyze economic, political, legal and social experiences of African Americans and their contributions and sacrifices to American life from 1960 to present.

Examine key events and persons related to society, economics and politics in Florida as they influenced African American experiences.

Analyze the influence and contributions of African Americans to film.

Examine the importance of sacrifices, contributions and experiences of African Americans during military service from 1954 to present.

Analyze the course, consequence and influence of the modern Civil Rights Movement.

Compare differing organizational approaches to achieving equality in America.

Examine organizational approaches to resisting equality in America.

Explain the struggles and successes for access to equal educational opportunities for African Americans.

Analyze the contributions of African Americans to the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).

Examine the key people who helped shape modern civil rights movement (e.g., Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Claudette Colvin, Rosa Parks, Stokely Carmichael, Fannie Lou Hamer, Freedom Riders, A. Philip Randolph, Malcolm X, Justice Thurgood Marshall, Mamie Till Mobley, Diane Nash, Coretta Scott King, John Lewis, Medgar Evers).

Demonstrate an understanding of the origins and purposes of government, law, and the American political system.

Evaluate, take, and defend positions on the founding ideals and principles in American Constitutional government.

Explain how the Declaration of Independence reflected the political principles of popular sovereignty, social contract, natural rights, and individual rights.

Evaluate the ideals and principles of the founding documents (Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Federalist Papers) that shaped American Democracy.

Analyze and categorize the diverse viewpoints presented by the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists concerning ratification of the Constitution and inclusion of a bill of rights.

Evaluate how the Constitution and its amendments reflect the political principles of rule of law, checks and balances, separation of powers, republicanism, democracy, and federalism.

Evaluate the roles, rights, and responsibilities of United States citizens and determine methods of active participation in society, government, and the political system.

Evaluate the constitutional provisions establishing citizenship, and assess the criteria among citizens by birth, naturalized citizens, and non-citizens.

Monitor current public issues in Florida.

Analyze public policy solutions or courses of action to resolve a local, state, or federal issue.

Explain the changing roles of television, radio, press, and Internet in political communication.

Analyze various forms of political communication and evaluate for bias, factual accuracy, omission, and emotional appeal.

Evaluate the processes and results of an election at the state or federal level.

Evaluate the origins and roles of political parties, interest groups, media, and individuals in determining and shaping public policy.

Analyze trends in voter turnout.

Evaluate the importance of political participation and civic participation.

Experience the responsibilities of citizens at the local, state, or federal levels.

Evaluate, take, and defend positions on issues that cause the government to balance the interests of individuals with the public good.

Conduct a service project to further the public good.

Evaluate, take, and defend positions about rights protected by the Constitution and Bill of Rights.

Explain why rights have limits and are not absolute.

Analyze the impact of citizen participation as a means of achieving political and social change.

Identify the expansion of civil rights and liberties by examining the principles contained in primary documents.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles, functions, and organization of government.

Examine the constitutional principles of representative government, limited government, consent of the governed, rule of law, and individual rights.

Evaluate the significance and outcomes of landmark Supreme Court cases.

Contrast how the Constitution safeguards and limits individual rights.

Simulate the judicial decision-making process in interpreting law at the state and federal level.

Illustrate examples of how government affects the daily lives of citizens at the local, state, and national levels.

Examine constitutional powers (expressed, implied, concurrent, reserved).

Examine how power and responsibility are distributed, shared, and limited by the Constitution.

Define federalism, and identify examples of the powers granted and denied to states and the national government in the American federal system of government.

Analyze the structures, functions, and processes of the legislative branch as described in Article I of the Constitution.

Analyze the structures, functions, and processes of the executive branch as described in Article II of the Constitution.

Identify the impact of independent regulatory agencies in the federal bureaucracy.

Analyze the structures, functions, and processes of the judicial branch as described in Article III of the Constitution.

Describe the role of judicial review in American constitutional government.

Compare the role of judges on the state and federal level with other elected officials.

Analyze the various levels and responsibilities of courts in the federal and state judicial system and the relationships among them.

Demonstrate an understanding of contemporary issues in world affairs, and evaluate the role and impact of United States foreign policy.

Explain how the world's nations are governed differently.

Evaluate the influence of American foreign policy on other nations and the influences of other nations on American policies and society.

Assess human rights policies of the United States and other countries.

Compare indicators of democratization in multiple countries.

Demonstrate an understanding of the origins and purposes of government, law and the American political system.

Examine how intellectual influences in primary documents contributed to the ideas in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

recognize the influence of religion, republicanism, the English Constitution and common Law, and the European Enlightenment in establishing the organic laws of the United States in primary documents (e.g., Magna Carta (1215); the Mayflower Compact (1620); the English Bill of Rights (1689); Common Sense (1776); Declaration of Independence (1776); the Constitution of Massachusetts (1780); the Articles of Confederation (1781); the Northwest Ordinance (1787); U.S. Constitution (1789)).

Explain the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the Declaration of Independence.

identify grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence in terms of due process of law, individual rights, natural rights, popular sovereignty and social contract.

explain national sovereignty, natural law, self-evident truth, equality of all persons, due process of law, limited government, popular sovereignty, and unalienable rights of life, liberty and property as they relate to Enlightenment ideas in the Declaration of Independence.

recognize that national sovereignty, due process of law, natural law, self-evident truth, equality of all persons, limited government, popular sovereignty, and unalienable rights of life, liberty and property form the philosophical foundation of our government.

Explain arguments presented in the Federalist Papers in support of ratifying the U.S. Constitution and a republican form of government.

recognize that the Federalist Papers argued for a federal system of government, separation of powers and a representative form of government that is accountable to its citizens.

analyze Federalist and Anti-Federalist arguments concerning ratification of the U.S. Constitution and inclusion of a bill of rights.

Analyze how the ideals and principles expressed in the founding documents shape America as a constitutional republic.

differentiate among the documents and determine how each one was individually significant to the founding of the United States.

evaluate how the documents are connected to one another. Documents include, but are not limited to, the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation, Federalist Papers (e.g., No. 10. No. 14, No. 31, No. 39, No. 51) and the U.S. Constitution.

identify key individuals who contributed to the founding documents (e.g., Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, George Mason).

Explain how the U.S. Constitution and its amendments uphold the following political principles: checks and balances, consent of the governed, democracy, due process of law, federalism, individual rights, limited government, representative government, republicanism, rule of law and separation of powers.

explain how the structure and function of the U.S. government reflects these political principles.

differentiate between republicanism and democracy, and discuss how the United States reflects both.

describe compromises made during the Constitutional Convention (e.g., the Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, the Electoral College).

Evaluate the roles, rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizens and determine methods of active participation in society, government and the political system.

Explain the constitutional provisions that establish and affect citizenship.

explain how the concept of citizenship in the United States has changed over the course of history (i.e., 13th, 14th, 15th and 19th Amendments).

compare birthright citizenship, permanent residency and naturalization in the United States.

differentiate the rights held by native-born citizens, permanent residents and naturalized citizens (e.g., running for public office).

Analyze factors that contribute to voter turnout in local, state and national elections.

explain trends in voter turnout.  Students will be able to discuss attempts to increase voter turnout (e.g., get out the vote campaigns, social movements).

explain how governmental action has affected voter participation (e.g., 15th, 19th and 26th Amendments; Jim Crow laws; poll tax; efforts to suppress voters).

Evaluate political communication for bias, factual accuracy, omission and emotional appeal.

compare the reporting on the same political event or issue from multiple perspectives.

identify various forms of propaganda (e.g., plain folks, glittering generalities, testimonial, fear, logical fallacies).

discuss the historical impact of political communication on American political process and public opinion. Examples of political communication may include, but are not limited to, political cartoons, propaganda, campaign advertisements, political speeches, bumper stickers, blogs, press and social media.

Explain how interest groups, the media and public opinion influence local, state and national decision-making related to public issues.

objectively discuss current public issues in Florida and use both the U.S. and Florida Constitutions to justify pro and con positions.

examine the relationship and responsibilities of both the state and national governments regarding these public issues.

analyze public policy solutions related to local, state and national issues.

Analyze the influence and effects of various forms of media and the internet in political communication.

explain how the methods of political communication has changed over time (e.g., television, radio, press, social media).

describe how the methods used by political officials to communicate with the public has changed over time.

discuss the strengths and weaknesses of different methods of political communication.

Explain the importance of political and civic participation to the success of the United States' constitutional republic.

discuss various ways in which U.S. citizens can exercise political and civic participation.

identify historical examples of political and civic participation (e.g., Civil Rights Movement, Women's Suffrage Movement).

describe the ways in which individuals can be denied and limited in their right to practice political and civic participation (e.g., losing voting rights for felony conviction, limitations on political contributions, limits on the type of protesting).

Explain the responsibilities of citizens at the local, state and national levels.

identify various responsibilities held by citizens (e.g., voting, volunteering and being informed, respecting laws).

understand the process of registering or preregistering to vote and how to complete a ballot in Florida (e.g., uniform primary and general election ballot).

discuss appropriate methods of communication with public officials (e.g., corresponding, attending public meetings, requesting a meeting and providing information).

participate in classroom activities that simulate exercising the responsibilities of citizenship.

Evaluate, take and defend objective, evidence-based positions on issues that cause the government to balance the interests of individuals with the public good.

examine situations when individuals' rights have been restricted for the public good (e.g., limits on speech or rationing of goods during wartime, enactment of the Patriot Act).

analyze how environmental and financial policies place limitations on citizens and private industry for the public good.

explain different services provided by local, state and national governments to citizens to ensure their rights are protected (e.g., social services, law enforcement, defense, emergency response).

Analyze contemporary and historical examples of government-imposed restrictions on rights.

identify historical examples of government-imposed restrictions on rights (e.g., suspension of habeas corpus, rationing during wartime and limitations on speech).

examine the rationale for government-imposed restrictions on rights (e.g., inciting a crime, campaign contributions, defamation, military secrets).

Explain how the principles contained in foundational documents contributed to the expansion of civil rights and liberties over time.

explain how different groups of people (e.g., African Americans, immigrants, Native Americans, women) had their civil rights expanded through legislative action (e.g., Voting Rights Act, Civil Rights Act), executive action (e.g., Truman's desegregation of the army, Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation) and the courts (e.g., Brown v. Board of Education; In re Gault).

explain the role founding documents, such as the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, had on setting precedent for the future granting of rights.

Analyze the impact of civic engagement as a means of preserving or reforming institutions.

identify legal methods that citizens can use to promote social and political change (e.g., voting, peaceful protests, petitioning, demonstrations, contacting government offices).

identify historical examples of citizens achieving or preventing political and social change through civic engagement (e.g., the Abolitionist Movement).

Explain the impact of political parties, interest groups, media and individuals on determining and shaping public policy.

explain the origins of the Republican and Democratic political parties and evaluate their roles in shaping public policy.

identify historical examples of interest groups, media and individuals influencing public policy.

compare and contrast how the free press influenced politics at major points in U.S. history (e.g., Vietnam War Era, Civil Rights Era).

Explain the process and procedures of elections at the state and national levels.

identify the different primary formats and how political parties nominate candidates using primaries.

compare and contrast the different ways in which elections are decided (e.g., Electoral College, proportional representation, popular vote, winner-take-all).

explain the process by which candidates register to be part of state and national elections.

describe the different methods used to tabulate election results in state and national elections (i.e., electronic voting, punch cards, fill-in ballots).

evaluate the role of debates in elections.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles, functions and organization of government.

Analyze how certain political ideologies conflict with the principles of freedom and democracy.

identify political ideologies that conflict with the principles of freedom and democracy (e.g., communism and totalitarianism).

analyze how the principles of checks and balances, consent of the governed, democracy, due process of law, federalism, individual rights, limited government, representative government, republicanism, rule of law and separation of powers contribute to the nation's longevity and its ability to overcome challenges, and distinguish the United States' constitutional republic from authoritarian and totalitarian nations.

Analyze the levels and responsibilities of state and federal courts.

describe what Article III of the U.S. Constitution states about the relationship between state and federal courts.

recognize the role of the Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 in establishing the structure and jurisdiction of the federal court system.

contrast the differences among civil trials and criminal trials at the state level.

describe the relationship among the Supreme Court, federal appellate courts and federal district courts (e.g., Erie Doctrine, Rooker-Feldman Doctrine).

Evaluate how landmark Supreme Court decisions affect law, liberty and the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.

recognize landmark Supreme Court cases (e.g., Marbury v. Madison; McCulloch v. Maryland; Dred Scott v. Sandford; Plessy v. Ferguson; Brown v. Board of Education; Gideon v. Wainwright; Miranda v. Arizona; Korematsu v. United States; Mapp v. Ohio; In re Gault; United States v. Nixon; Regents of the University of California v. Bakke; Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier; District of Columbia v. Heller).

explain the foundational constitutional issues underlying landmark Supreme Court decisions related to the Bill of Rights and other amendments.

explain the outcomes of landmark Supreme Court cases related to the Bill of Rights and other amendments.

Analyze the concept of federalism in the United States and its role in establishing the relationship between the state and national governments.

identify examples of the powers reserved and shared among state and the national governments in the American federal system of government.

examine the role the Great Compromise had on the eventual establishment of a federal system of fifty equal states.

explain specific rights that are granted to the states in the language of the U.S. Constitution and its amendments (e.g., 10th Amendment, defense and extradition).

analyze how states have challenged the national government regarding states' rights (e.g., Civil War, the New Deal, No Child Left Behind, Affordable Health Care Act, Civil Rights Movement).

Explain how issues between Florida, other states and the national government are resolved.

explain the concept of federalism as it applies to each issue.

use historical and issue-based scenarios to demonstrate understanding of how disputes between Florida, other states and the national government are resolved (e.g., water rights arguments between Florida and Georgia, national and state conflict over rights to adjacent waters and seabeds, civil rights).

Explain the judicial decision-making process in interpreting law at the state and national levels.

explain the role of the U.S. Constitution in interpreting law at the state and national levels.

explain the process used by judges at the state and national levels when making a decision or writing summary opinions.

incorporate language from the U.S. Constitution or court briefs to justify a legal decision when interpreting state or national law.

Explain how citizens are affected by the local, state and national governments.

identify local government officials and employees who affect the daily lives of citizens.

identify the role of state governmental officials and employees who affect the daily lives of citizens.

identify the role of national governmental officials and employees who affect the daily lives of citizens.

explain how government at all levels impacts the daily lives of citizens.

Explain how the U.S. Constitution safeguards and limits individual rights.

identify the individual rights citizens are granted in the language of the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights and other constitutional amendments.

describe the role of the Supreme Court in further defining the safeguards and limits of constitutional rights.

Analyze the structures, functions and processes of the legislative branch as described in Article I of the U.S. Constitution.

explain why Article I of the U.S. Constitution established a bicameral legislative body and how the House of Representatives functions differently from the Senate.

identify the methods for determining the number of members in the House of Representatives and the Senate.

identify and describe the "enumerated powers" granted to Congress (e.g., assess taxes, borrow money, declare war, make laws).

analyze the role of the legislative branch in terms of its relationship with the judicial and executive branch of the government.

describe constitutional amendments that changed the role of Congress from its original description in Article I of the U.S. Constitution (i.e., 10th, 14th, 16th, 17th and 27th Amendments).

Analyze the structures, functions and processes of the executive branch as described in Article II of the U.S. Constitution.

explain the qualifications one must have to seek the office of president and the process of presidential elections.

explain different presidential responsibilities outlined in Article II (e.g., receiving foreign heads of state, delivering the State of the Union address, carrying out faithful execution of the law).

examine the role of the executive branch in terms of its relationship with the judicial and legislative branches of the government.

describe constitutional amendments (i.e., 12th, 20th, 22nd and 25th) that have changed the role of the executive branch from its original description in Article II.

describe the impeachment process.

Describe how independent regulatory agencies interact with the three branches of government and with citizens.

identify independent regulatory agencies (e.g., Federal Communications Commission, Federal Election Commission, National Labor Relations Board) and explain their purpose and effect.

describe the advantages and disadvantages of delegating power to independent regulatory agencies.

Explain expressed, implied, concurrent and reserved powers in the U.S. Constitution.

identify powers that are expressed in the U.S. Constitution to Congress (e.g., coin money, declare war, assess taxes, citizenship).

identify that expressed powers are also known as enumerated powers found in Article I of the U.S. Constitution.

analyze the role of the "general welfare clause" and "necessary and proper clause" in granting Congress implied powers.

describe examples of concurrent powers as those powers shared by both state and national governments (e.g., build roads, tax citizens, make laws).

explain how reserved powers define issues as matters for the people or the state governments.

compare the roles of expressed, implied, concurrent and reserved powers in United States' federalism.

Analyze the structures, functions and processes of the judicial branch as described in Article III of the U.S. Constitution.

examine the role of the judicial branch in terms of its relationship with the legislative and executive branches of the government.

describe the role of the Supreme Court and lesser federal courts.

explain what Article III says about judicial tenure, appointment and salaries.

describe the powers granted to the courts by Article III including, but not limited to, treason, jurisdiction and trial by jury.

Describe the purpose and function of judicial review in the American constitutional government.

examine the role of district courts, the courts of appeals and the Supreme Court in the judicial review process.

explain the relationship between the concept of judicial review and the language of the Supremacy Clause in Article VI of the U.S. Constitution.

Compare the role of state and federal judges with other elected officials.

compare the ways state and federal judges are appointed compared to other elected officials.

distinguish the qualifications needed for a judge at the state or federal level versus other elected officials.

compare the decision-making process of judges compared to other political figures.

Demonstrate an understanding of contemporary issues in world affairs and evaluate the role and impact of U.S. foreign policy.

Analyze how liberty and economic freedom generate broad-based opportunity and prosperity in the United States.

differentiate between government systems (e.g., autocracy, democracy, monarchy, oligarchy republic, theocracy).

differentiate between economic systems (e.g., capitalism, communism, mixed market, socialism).

analyze the disadvantages of authoritarian control over the economy (e.g., communism and socialism) in generating broad-based economic prosperity for their population.

Explain how the United States uses foreign policy to influence other nations.

explain how the policies of other nations influence U.S. policy and society.

identify agencies of the U.S. government that contribute to its foreign policy agenda (e.g., National Security Agency, Central Intelligence Agency).

explain the advantages and disadvantages of how nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) influence foreign policy (e.g., United States Agency for International Development, Red Cross, American Woman Suffrage Association, Amnesty International).

explain how U.S. trade policy influences its relationships with other nations (e.g., China, Saudi Arabia).

explain how the use of embargos and economic sanctions by the United States has affected other nations (e.g., Cuba, Iran, Syria).

explain the U.S. response to international conflicts.

Explain how U.S. foreign policy supports democratic principles and protects human rights around the world.

explain how U.S. foreign policy aims to protect liberty around the world and describe how the founding documents support the extension of liberty to all mankind.

Identify indicators of democratization in foreign countries.

recognize indicators of democratization as a system of free and fair elections, active civic participation, the protection of human rights, and the rule of law.

Understand the fundamental concepts relevant to the development of a market economy.

Identify the factors of production and why they are necessary for the production of goods and services.

Explain the use of fiscal policy (taxation, spending) to promote price stability, full employment, and economic growth.

Explain how the Federal Reserve uses the tools of monetary policy (discount rate, reserve requirement, open market operations) to promote price stability, full employment, and economic growth.

Examine the four phases of the business cycle (peak, contraction - unemployment, trough, expansion - inflation).

Explain the basic functions and characteristics of money, and describe the composition of the money supply in the United States.

Compare credit, savings, and investment services available to the consumer from financial institutions.

Describe the risk and return profiles of various investment vehicles and the importance of diversification.

Construct a one-year budget plan for a specific career path including expenses and construction of a credit plan for purchasing a major item.

Analyze production possibilities curves to explain choice, scarcity, and opportunity costs.

Compare how the various economic systems (traditional, market, command, mixed) answer the questions: (1) What to produce?; (2) How to produce?; and (3) For whom to produce?

Define supply, demand, quantity supplied, and quantity demanded; graphically illustrate situations that would cause changes in each, and demonstrate how the equilibrium price of a product is determined by the interaction of supply and demand in the market place.

Compare different forms of business organizations.

Compare the basic characteristics of the four market structures (monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, pure competition).

Graph and explain how firms determine price and output through marginal cost analysis.

Explain ways firms engage in price and nonprice competition.

Describe how the earnings of workers are determined.

Understand the fundamental concepts relevant to the institutions, structure, and functions of a national economy.

Identify and explain broad economic goals.

Describe the organization and functions of the Federal Reserve System.

Assess the economic impact of negative and positive externalities on the local, state, and national environment.

Construct a circular flow diagram for an open-market economy including elements of households, firms, government, financial institutions, product and factor markets, and international trade.

Use a decision-making model to analyze a public policy issue affecting the student's community that incorporates defining a problem, analyzing the potential consequences, and considering the alternatives.

Research contributions of entrepreneurs, inventors, and other key individuals from various gender, social, and ethnic backgrounds in the development of the United States.

Diagram and explain the problems that occur when government institutes wage and price controls, and explain the rationale for these controls.

Analyze how capital investments may impact productivity and economic growth.

Examine the benefits of natural monopolies and the purposes of government regulation of these monopolies.

Identify the impact of inflation on society.

Differentiate between direct and indirect taxes, and describe the progressivity of taxes (progressive, proportional, regressive).

Analyze how changes in federal spending and taxation affect budget deficits and surpluses and the national debt.

Understand the fundamental concepts and interrelationships of the United States economy in the international marketplace.

Demonstrate the impact of inflation on world economies.

Examine absolute and comparative advantage, and explain why most trade occurs because of comparative advantage.

Discuss the effect of barriers to trade and why nations sometimes erect barriers to trade or establish free trade zones.

Assess the economic impact of negative and positive externalities on the international environment.

Compare the current United States economy with other developed and developing nations.

Differentiate and draw conclusions about historical economic thought theorized by economists.

Earning Income

Discuss that people choose jobs or careers for which they are qualified based on non-income factors, such as job satisfaction, independence, risk, family, or location.

Explain that people vary in their willingness to obtain more education or training because these decisions involve incurring immediate costs to obtain possible future benefits. Describe how discounting the future benefits of education and training may lead some people to pass up potentially high rates of return that more education and training may offer.

Speculate how a high school student might assess the future benefits of going to college, and describe how that assessment will affect the student's decision to attend college.

Evaluate ways people can make more informed education, job, or career decisions by evaluating the benefits and costs of different choices.

Compare the unemployment rates of workers with different levels of education.

Analyze the reasons why the wage or salary paid to workers in jobs is usually determined by the labor market and that businesses are generally willing to pay more productive workers higher wages or salaries than less productive workers.

Discuss why the productivity of workers is important to businesses.

Discuss reasons why changes in economic conditions or the labor market can cause changes in a worker's income or may cause unemployment.

Explain the effects of a recession on the unemployment rate.

Explain that taxes are paid to federal, state, and local governments to fund government goods and services and transfer payments from government to individuals and that the major types of taxes are income taxes, payroll (Social Security) taxes, property taxes, and sales taxes.

Identify which level of government receives the tax revenue for a particular tax and describe what is done with the tax revenue.

Discuss how people's sources of income, amount of income, as well as the amount and type of spending affect the types and amounts of taxes paid.

Buying Goods and Services

Compare consumer decisions as they are influenced by the price of a good or service, the price of alternatives, and the consumer's income as well as his or her preferences.

Analyze situations in which when people consume goods and services, their consumption can have positive and negative effects on others.

Discuss that when buying a good, consumers may consider various aspects of the product including the product's features. Explain why for goods that last for a longer period of time, the consumer should consider the product's durability and maintenance costs.

Describe ways that consumers may be influenced by how the price of a good is expressed.

List different ways retailers use to express the prices

Discuss ways people incur costs and realize benefits when searching for information related to their purchases of goods and services and describe how the amount of information people should gather depends on the benefits and costs of the information.

Explain that people may choose to donate money to charitable organizations and other not-for-profits because they gain satisfaction from donating.

Examine governments establishing laws and institutions to provide consumers with information about goods or services being purchased and to protect consumers from fraud.

Saving

Discuss the reasons why some people have a tendency to be impatient and choose immediate spending over saving for the future.

Examine the ideas that inflation reduces the value of money, including savings, that the real interest rate expresses the rate of return on savings, taking into account the effect of inflation and that the real interest rate is calculated as the nominal interest rate minus the rate of inflation.

Compare the difference between the nominal interest rate which tells savers how the dollar value of their savings or investments will grow, and the real interest rate which tells savers how the purchasing power of their savings or investments will grow.

Describe ways that money received (or paid) in the future can be compared to money held today by discounting the future value based on the rate of interest.

Explain ways that government agencies supervise and regulate financial institutions to help protect the safety, soundness, and legal compliance of the nation's banking and financial system.

Describe government policies that create incentives and disincentives for people to save.

Explain how employer benefit programs create incentives and disincentives to save and how an employee's decision to save can depend on how the alternatives are presented by the employer.

Using Credit

Discuss ways that consumers can compare the cost of credit by using the annual percentage rate (APR), initial fees charged, and fees charged for late payment or missed payments.

Analyze the fact that, in extreme cases, bankruptcy may be an option for consumers who are unable to repay debt, and although bankruptcy provides some benefits, filing for bankruptcy also entails considerable costs, including having notice of the bankruptcy appear on a consumer's credit report for up to 10 years.

Explain that people often apply for a mortgage to purchase a home and identify a mortgage is a type of loan that is secured by real estate property as collateral.

Discuss that consumers who use credit should be aware of laws that are in place to protect them and that these include requirements to provide full disclosure of credit terms such as APR and fees, as well as protection against discrimination and abusive marketing or collection practices.

Explain that consumers are entitled to a free copy of their credit report annually so that they can verify that no errors were made that might increase their cost of credit.

Discuss that banks and financial institutions sometimes compete by offering credit at low introductory rates, which increase after a set period of time or when the borrower misses a payment or makes a late payment.

Explain that loans can be unsecured or secured with collateral, that collateral is a piece of property that can be sold by the lender to recover all or part of a loan if the borrower fails to repay. Explain why secured loans are viewed as having less risk and why lenders charge a lower interest rate than they charge for unsecured loans.

Describe why people often make a cash payment to the seller of a good—called a down payment—in order to reduce the amount they need to borrow. Describe why lenders may consider loans made with a down payment to have less risk because the down payment gives the borrower some equity or ownership right away and why these loans may carry a lower interest rate.

Explain that lenders make credit decisions based in part on consumer payment history. Credit bureaus record borrowers' credit and payment histories and provide that information to lenders in credit reports.

Explain what credit bureaus do.

Discuss that lenders can pay to receive a borrower's credit score from a credit bureau and that a credit score is a number based on information in a credit report and assesses a person's credit risk.

Describe that, in addition to assessing a person's credit risk, credit reports and scores may be requested and used by employers in hiring decisions, landlords in deciding whether to rent apartments, and insurance companies in charging premiums.

Examine the fact that failure to repay a loan has significant consequences for borrowers such as negative entries on their credit report, repossession of property (collateral), garnishment of wages, and the inability to obtain loans in the future.

Explain that consumers who have difficulty repaying debt can seek assistance through credit counseling services and by negotiating directly with creditors.

Financial Investing

Compare the ways that federal, state, and local tax rates vary on different types of investments. Describe the taxes effect on the after-tax rate of return of an investment.

Explain that people vary in their willingness to take risks because the willingness to take risks depends on factors such as personality, income, and family situation.

Describe why an economic role for a government may exist if individuals do not have complete information about the nature of alternative investments or access to competitive financial markets.

Compare the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Federal Reserve, and other government agencies that regulate financial markets.

Explain how the expenses of buying, selling, and holding financial assets decrease the rate of return from an investment.

Discuss that buyers and sellers in financial markets determine prices of financial assets and therefore influence the rates of return on those assets.

Explain that an investment with greater risk than another investment will commonly have a lower market price, and therefore a higher rate of return, than the other investment.

Explain that shorter-term investments will likely have lower rates of return than longer-term investments.

Describe how diversifying investments in different types of financial assets can lower investment risk.

The other investor owns two suntan lotion businesses. Explain why a financial advisor might encourage a client to include stocks, bonds, and real estate assets in his or her portfolio.

Describe how financial markets adjust to new financial news and that prices in those markets reflect what is known about those financial assets.

Discuss ways that the prices of financial assets are affected by interest rates and explain that the prices of financial assets are also affected by changes in domestic and international economic conditions, monetary policy, and fiscal policy.

Examine why investors should be aware of tendencies that people have that may result in poor choices, which may include avoiding selling assets at a loss because they weigh losses more than they weigh gains and investing in financial assets with which they are familiar, such as their own employer's stock or domestic rather than international stocks.

Protecting and Insuring

Describe how individuals vary with respect to their willingness to accept risk and why most people are willing to pay a small cost now if it means they can avoid a possible larger loss later.

Compare federal and state regulations that provide some remedies and assistance for victims of identity theft.

Give specific examples of how online transactions, online banking, email scams, and telemarketing calls can make consumers vulnerable to identity theft.

Describe the conditions under which individuals should and should not disclose their Social Security number, account numbers, or other sensitive personal information.

Analyze how judgment regarding risky events is subject to errors because people tend to overestimate the probability of infrequent events, often because they've heard of or seen a recent example.

Describe why people choose different amounts of insurance coverage based on their willingness to accept risk, as well as their occupation, lifestyle, age, financial profile, and the price of insurance.

Explain that people may be required by governments or by certain types of contracts (e.g., home mortgages) to purchase some types of insurance.

Investigate Florida's regulations regarding the amount of auto insurance that drivers are required to purchase as well as federal health insurance regulations.

Describe how an insurance contract can increase the probability or size of a potential loss because having the insurance results in the person taking more risks, and that policy features such as deductibles and copayments are cost-sharing features that encourage the policyholder to take steps to reduce the potential size of a loss (claim).

Explain that people can lower insurance premiums by behaving in ways that show they pose a lower risk.

Compare the purposes of various types of insurance, including that health insurance provides for funds to pay for health care in the event of illness and may also pay for the cost of preventative care; disability insurance is income insurance that provides funds to replace income lost while an individual is ill or injured and unable to work; property and casualty insurance pays for damage or loss to the insured's property; life insurance benefits are paid to the insured's beneficiaries in the event of the policyholder's death.

Discuss the fact that, in addition to privately purchased insurance, some government benefit programs provide a social safety net to protect individuals from economic hardship created by unexpected events.

Explain that loss of assets, wealth, and future opportunities can occur if an individual's personal information is obtained by others through identity theft and then used fraudulently, and that by managing their personal information and choosing the environment in which it is revealed, individuals can accept, reduce, and insure against the risk of loss due to identity theft.

Understand how to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technology to report information.

Design maps using a variety of technologies based on descriptive data to explain physical and cultural attributes of major world regions.

Use spatial perspective and appropriate geographic terms and tools, including the Six Essential Elements, as organizational schema to describe any given place.

Employ applicable units of measurement and scale to solve simple locational problems using maps and globes.

Analyze geographic information from a variety of sources including primary sources, atlases, computer, and digital sources, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and a broad variety of maps.

Understand physical and cultural characteristics of places.

Identify the physical characteristics and the human characteristics that define and differentiate regions.

Describe the factors and processes that contribute to the differences between developing and developed regions of the world.

Use geographic terms and tools to analyze case studies of regional issues in different parts of the world that have critical economic, physical, or political ramifications.

Use geographic terms and tools to analyze case studies of how selected regions change over time.

Use geographic terms and tools to analyze case studies of debates over how human actions modify a selected region.

Understand the relationships between the Earth's ecosystems and the populations that dwell within them.

Use geographic terms to locate and describe major ecosystems of Earth.

Use geographic terms and tools to explain how weather and climate influence the natural character of a place.

Use geographic terms and tools to explain differing perspectives on the use of renewable and non-renewable resources in Florida, the United States, and the world.

Use geographic terms and tools to explain how the Earth's internal changes and external changes influence the character of places.

Use geographic terms and tools to explain how hydrology influences the physical character of a place.

Understand the characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations.

Interpret population growth and other demographic data for any given place.

Use geographic terms and tools to analyze the push/pull factors contributing to human migration within and among places.

Use geographic terms and tools to analyze the effects of migration both on the place of origin and destination, including border areas.

Use geographic terms and tools to analyze case studies of issues in globalization.

Use geographic terms and tools to analyze case studies of the development, growth, and changing nature of cities and urban centers.

Use geographic terms and tools to predict the effect of a change in a specific characteristic of a place on the human population of that place.

Use geographic terms and tools to explain cultural diffusion throughout places, regions, and the world.

Use geographic concepts to analyze spatial phenomena and to discuss economic, political, and social factors that define and interpret space.

Use political maps to describe the change in boundaries and governments within continents over time.

Understand how human actions can impact the environment.

Analyze case studies of how the Earth's physical systems affect humans.

Analyze case studies of how changes in the physical environment of a place can increase or diminish its capacity to support human activity.

Analyze case studies of the effects of human use of technology on the environment of places.

Analyze case studies of how humans impact the diversity and productivity of ecosystems.

Use geographic terms and tools to analyze case studies of policies and programs for resource use and management.

Analyze case studies to predict how a change to an environmental factor can affect an ecosystem.

Understand how to apply geography to interpret the past and present and plan for the future.

Use appropriate maps and other graphic representations to analyze geographic problems and changes over time.

Develop databases about specific places and provide a simple analysis about their importance.

Formulate hypotheses and test geographic models that demonstrate complex relationships between physical and cultural phenomena.

Translate narratives about places and events into graphic representations.

Develop criteria for assessing issues relating to human spatial organization and environmental stability to identify solutions.

Identify and analyze the historical, social, and cultural contexts of the arts.

Relate works in the arts (architecture, dance, music, theatre, and visual arts) of varying styles and genre according to the periods in which they were created.

Describe how historical events, social context, and culture impact forms, techniques, and purposes of works in the arts, including the relationship between a government and its citizens.

Relate works in the arts to various cultures.

Explain philosophical beliefs as they relate to works in the arts.

Examine artistic response to social issues and new ideas in various cultures.

Analyze how current events are explained by artistic and cultural trends of the past.

Know terminology of art forms (narthex, apse, triforium of Gothic cathedral) within cultures and use appropriately in oral and written references.

Respond critically and aesthetically to various works in the arts.

Identify specific characteristics of works within various art forms (architecture, dance, film, literature, music, theatre, and visual arts).

Classify styles, forms, types, and genres within art forms.

Apply various types of critical analysis (contextual, formal, and intuitive criticism) to works in the arts, including the types and use of symbolism within art forms and their philosophical implications.

Examine the effects that works in the arts have on groups, individuals, and cultures.

Describe how historical, social, cultural, and physical settings influence an audience's aesthetic response.

Understand how transportation, trade, communication, science, and technology influence the progression and regression of cultures.

Analyze the effects of transportation, trade, communication, science, and technology on the preservation and diffusion of culture.

Identify social, moral, ethical, religious, and legal issues arising from technological and scientific developments, and examine their influence on works of arts within a culture.

Identify contributions made by various world cultures through trade and communication, and form a hypothesis on future contributions and changes.

Define the Holocaust as the planned and systematic state-sponsored persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945.

explain why the Holocaust is history's most extreme example of antisemitism.

Analyze how the Nazi regime utilized and built on historical antisemitism to create a common enemy of the Jews.

explain the origins of antisemitism and trace it from the Ancient World through the twenty-first century (e.g., Pagan, Christian, Muslim, Middle Ages, Modern era).

explain the political, social and economic applications of antisemitism that led to the organized pogroms against Jewish people.

examine propaganda (e.g., the Protocols of the Elders of Zion; The Poisonous Mushroom) that was and still is utilized against Jewish people both in Europe and around the world.

Analyze how the Treaty of Versailles was a causal factor leading the rise of the Nazis, and how the increasing spread of antisemitism was manipulated to the Nazi's advantage.

explain how the Nazis used antisemitism to foment hate and create a shared enemy in order to gain power prior to World War I.

explain how events during the Weimar Republic led to the rise of Nazism (e.g., Dolchstoss, Ruhr Crisis, hyperinflation, the Great Depression, unemployment, the 1920's Nazi platform, the Dawes Plan, the Golden Age, the failure of the Weimar Republic).

recognize German culpability, reparations and military downsizing as effects of the Treaty of Versailles.

Explain how the National Socialist German Workers' Party, or Nazi Party, grew into a mass movement and gained and maintained power in Germany through totalitarian means from 1933 to 1945 under the leadership of Adolf Hitler.

compare Germany's political parties and their system of proportional representation in national elections from 1920 to 1932.

explain how the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Schutzstaffel (SS), the Wehrmacht, the Gestapo and Hitler's inner circle helped him gain and maintain power after 1933.

explain how the following contributed to Hitler's rise to power: Adolf Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch, Hitler's arrest and trial, Mein Kampf, the Reichstag fire, the Enabling Act, the Concordat of 1933, the Night of the Long Knives (the Rohm Purge), Hindenburg's death and Hitler as Fuhrer.

Describe how the Nazis utilized various forms of propaganda to indoctrinate the German population.

explain how opposing views were eliminated (e.g., book burnings, censorship, state control over the media).

explain how identification, legal status, economic status and pseudoscience supported propaganda that was used to perpetuate the Nazi ideology of the "Master Race."

Examine how the Nazis used education and youth programs to indoctrinate young people into the Nazi ideology.

explain the impact of the Hitler Youth Program and Band of German Maidens (German: Bund Deutscher Mädel).

examine how the Nazis used the public education system to indoctrinate youth and children.

explain how Nazi ideology supplanted prior beliefs.

Explain what is meant by "the Aryan Race" and why this terminology was used.

compare the meaning of Aryan to the Nazi meaning of Aryan Race.

explain how the Nazis used propaganda, pseudoscience and the law to transform Judaism from a religion to a race.

examine the manipulation of the international community to obtain the votes to host the 1936 Olympics and how the Berlin Games were utilized as propaganda for Nazi ideology to bolster the "superiority" of the Aryan race.

explain how eugenics, scientific racism and Social Darwinism provided a foundation for Nazi racial beliefs.

Describe how the life of Jews deteriorated under the Third Reich and the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and its annexed territories (e.g., the Rhineland, Sudetenland, Austria) from 1933 to 1938.

analyze the Nuremberg Laws and describe their effects.

explain how the Nazis used birth records, religious symbols and practices to identify and target Jews.

Explain the origins and purpose of ghettos in Europe.

trace the use of ghettos in Europe prior to World War II.

explain the methods used for the identification, displacement and deportation of Jews to ghettos.

explain what ghettos were in context of World War II and Nazi ideology.

Discuss life in the various ghettos.

explain the origins and purpose of the Judenrat.

explain the effects of the Judenrat on daily life in ghettos, specifically students should recognize Adam Czerniakow (Warsaw) and Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski (Lodz) and how these men differed in their approach to leading the Judenrat in their respective ghettos.

discuss the difference between open ghettos and closed ghettos and how that impacted life within those ghettos.

describe various attempts at escape and forms of armed and unarmed resistance (before liquidation and liberation) including, but not limited to, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

explain how and why the Nazis liquidated the ghettos, including the forced decisions of the Judenrat to select individuals for deportation transports to the camps.

Define "partisan" and explain the role partisans played in World War II.

identify countries that had partisan groups who fought the Nazis.

explain the warfare tactics utilized by the resistance movements against the Nazis.

recognize that not all resistance movements accepted Jews.

Examine the origins, purpose and conditions associated with various types of camps.

explain the differences between forced labor camps, concentration camps, transit camps and death camps, including the geographic location, physical structure, camp commandants and SS leadership and mechanics of murder.

describe the daily routines within the camps to include food intake, showers, bathrooms, sleeping arrangements, roll call, work details, illness, environmental conditions, clothing, selection process, torture, medical experiments, public executions, suicides and other aspects of daily life.

describe various attempts at escape and forms of resistance within the camps.

discuss how the use of existing transportation infrastructure facilitated the deportation of Jewish people to the camps, including the non-Aryan management of the transportation system that collaborated with the Nazis.

describe life in Terezin, including its function as a transit camp, its unique culture that generated art, music, literature, poetry, opera (notably Brundibar) and the production of Vedem Magazine as a form of resistance; its use by the Nazis as propaganda to fool the International Red Cross; and the creation of the film "Terezin: A Documentary Film of Jewish Resettlement."

identify and examine the 6 major death camps (e.g., Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, Treblinka) and their locations.

explain why the 6 major death camps were only in Nazi-occupied Poland.

describe the significance of Auschwitz-Birkenau as the most prolific site of mass murder in the history of mankind.

Explain the purpose of the death marches.

recognize death marches as the forcible movement of prisoners by Nazis with the dual purpose of removing evidence and murdering as many people as possible (toward the end of World War II and the Holocaust) from Eastern Europe to Germany proper.

Describe the experience of Holocaust survivors following World War II.

explain how Allied Forces liberated camps, including the relocation and treatment of the survivors.

discuss the experiences of survivors after liberation (e.g., repatriations, displaced persons camps, pogroms, relocation).

explain the various ways that Holocaust survivors lived through the state-sponsored persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators (e.g., became partisans, escaped from Nazi controlled territory, went into hiding).

describe the psychological and physical struggles of Holocaust survivors.

examine the settlement patterns of Holocaust survivors after World War II, including immigration and the establishment of the modern state of Israel.

Analyze the causes and effects of Kristallnacht and how it became a watershed event in the transition from targeted persecution and anti-Jewish policy to open, public violence against Jews in Nazi-controlled Europe.

understand the reasons for Herschel Grynszpan's actions at the German embassy in Paris and how the assassination of Ernst vom Rath was a pretext used by the Nazis for Kristallnacht.

describe the different types of persecution that were utilized during Kristallnacht, both inside and outside Germany.

analyze the effects of Kristallnacht on European and world Jewry using primary sources (e.g., newspapers, images, video, survivor testimony).

analyze the effects of Kristallnacht on the international community using primary sources (e.g., newspapers, images, video, survivor testimony).

Analyze Hitler's motivations for the annexations of Austria and the Sudetenland, and the invasion of Poland.

define the term lebensraum, or living space, as an essential piece of Nazi ideology and explain how it led to territorial expansion and invasion.

analyze Hitler's use of the Munich Pact to expand German territory and the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact to keep the Soviet Union out of the war.

Describe how Jewish immigration was perceived and restricted by various nations from 1933 to 1939.

examine why immigration was difficult for Jewish people (e.g., MS St. Louis, the Evian Conference, immigration quota systems).

explain how the Kindertransport saved the lives of Jewish children.

Explain the effect Nazi policies had on other groups targeted by the government of Nazi Germany.

explain the effects of Nazi "racial hygiene" policies on various groups including, but not limited to, ethnic (e.g., Roma-Sinti, Slavs) and religious groups (e.g., Jehovah's Witnesses), political opposition, the physically and mentally disabled and homosexuals.

Identify the various armed and unarmed resistance efforts in Europe from 1933 to 1945.

recognize resistance efforts including, but not limited to, the White Rose, the Rosenstrasse Protest, Bishop Clemens von Galen, the Swing Movement, Reverend Niemöller, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, the Bielski Brothers and the Partisans in Eastern and Western Europe.

discuss resistance and uprisings in the ghettos using primary sources (e.g., newspapers, images, video, survivor testimony).

Examine the role that bystanders, collaborators and perpetrators played in the implementation of Nazi policies against Jewish people and other targeted groups, as well as the role of rescuers in opposing the Nazis and their policies.

discuss the choices and actions of heroes and heroines in defying Nazi policy at great personal risk, to help rescue Jews (e.g., the Righteous Among the Nations designation).

Analyze how corporate complicity aided Nazi goals.

analyze corporate complicity as including, but not limited to, supporting methods of identification and record keeping, continuing trade relationships, financial resources, the use of slave labor, production for the war effort and moral and ethical corporate decisions (1930–1945).

Explain how killing squads, including the Einsatzgruppen, conducted mass shooting operations in Eastern Europe with the assistance of the Schutzstaffel (SS), police units, the army and local collaborators.

discuss major events of the killing squads to include, but not be limited to, Babi Yar, Vilnius, Rumbula, Kovno, Ponar and the Palmiry Forest.

describe the psychological and physical impact on the Einsatzgruppen and how it led to the implementation of the Final Solution.

explain the purpose of the Wannsee Conference and how it impacted the Final Solution.

Analyze the international community's efforts to hold perpetrators responsible for their involvement in the Holocaust.

discuss the purpose and outcomes of the Nuremberg Trials and other subsequent trials related to the Holocaust.

compare arguments by the prosecution and recognize the falsehoods offered by the defense during the Nuremberg Trials (e.g., Justice Robert Jackson's opening statement, Prosecutor Ben Ferencz's opening statement, ex post facto laws, non-existent terminology, crimes against humanity, genocide, statute of limitations, jurisdictional issues).

discuss how members of the international community were complicit in assisting perpetrators' escape from both Germany and justice following World War II.

Explain the impact of the Eichmann Trial on policy concerning crimes against humanity, capital punishment, accountability, the testimony of survivors and acknowledgment of the international community.

recognize the Eichmann Trial as the first time that Israel held a Nazi war criminal accountable.

Explain the effects of Holocaust denial on contemporary society.

explain how Holocaust denial has helped contribute to the creation of contemporary propaganda and the facile denial of political and social realities.

Explain why it is important for current and future generations to learn from the Holocaust.

explain the significance of learning from Holocaust era primary sources created by Jews who perished and those who survived.

explain the significance of listening to the testimony of Holocaust survivors (e.g., live and through organizations that offer pre-recorded digital testimony).

describe the contributions of the Jews (e.g., arts, culture, medicine, sciences) to the United States and the world.

explain the significance of "Never Again."

Recognize that antisemitism includes a certain perception of the Jewish people, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jewish people, rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism directed toward a person or his or her property or toward Jewish community institutions or religious facilities.

analyze examples of antisemitism (e.g., calling for, aiding, or justifying the killing or harming of Jews, often in the name of a radical ideology or an extremist view of religion; making mendacious, dehumanizing, demonizing or stereotypical allegations about Jews as such or the power of Jews as a collective, especially, but not exclusively, the myth about a world Jewish conspiracy or of Jews controlling the media, economy, government or other societal institutions; accusing Jews as a people of being responsible for real or imagined wrongdoing committed by a single Jewish person or group, the State of Israel, or even for acts committed by non-Jews; accusing Jews as a people or the State of Israel of inventing or exaggerating the Holocaust; accusing Jewish citizens of being more loyal to Israel, or the alleged priorities of Jews worldwide, than to the interest of their own nations).

analyze examples of antisemitism related to Israel (e.g., demonizing Israel by using the symbols and images associated with classic anti-Semitism to characterize Israel or Israelis, drawing comparisons of contemporary Israeli policy to that of the Nazis, or blaming Israel for all inter-religious or political tensions; applying a double standard to Israel by requiring behavior of Israel that is not expected or demanded of any other democratic nation or focusing peace or human rights investigations only on Israel; delegitimizing Israel by denying the Jewish people their right to self-determination and denying Israel the right to exist).

Scientific Inquiry Domain/Perspectives in Psychological Science

Define psychology as a discipline and identify its goals as a science.

Describe the emergence of psychology as a scientific discipline.

Describe perspectives employed to understand behavior and mental processes.

Discuss the value of both basic and applied psychological research with human and non-human animals.

Describe the major subfields of psychology.

Identify the important role psychology plays in benefiting society and improving people's lives.

Sociocultural Context Domain/Sociocultural Diversity

Define culture and diversity.

Discuss psychological research examining gender similarities and differences and the impact of gender discrimination.

Discuss the psychological research on gender and how the roles of women and men in societies are perceived.

Examine how perspectives affect stereotypes and treatment of minority and majority groups in society.

Discuss psychological research examining differences in individual cognitive and physical abilities.

Examine societal treatment of people with disabilities and the effect of treatment by others on individual identity/status.

Identify how cultures change over time and vary within nations and internationally.

Discuss the relationship between culture and conceptions of self and identity.

Discuss psychological research examining race and ethnicity.

Discuss psychological research examining socioeconomic status.

Discuss how privilege and social power structures relate to stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination.

Discuss psychological research examining gender identity.

Discuss psychological research examining diversity in sexual orientation.

Compare and contrast gender identity and sexual orientation.

Cognition Domain/Memory

Identify factors that influence encoding.

Discuss the factors influencing how memories are retrieved.

Explain how memories can be malleable.

Discuss strategies for improving the retrieval of memories.

Characterize the difference between shallow (surface) and deep (elaborate) processing.

Discuss strategies for improving the encoding of memory.

Describe the differences between working memory and long-term memory.

Identify and explain biological processes related to how memory is stored.

Discuss types of memory and memory disorders (e.g., amnesias, dementias).

Discuss strategies for improving the storage of memories.

Analyze the importance of retrieval cues in memory.

Explain the role that interference plays in retrieval.

Cognition Domain/Thinking

Define cognitive processes involved in understanding information.

Define processes involved in problem solving and decision making.

Discuss non-human problem-solving abilities.

Describe obstacles to problem solving.

Describe obstacles to decision making.

Describe obstacles to making good judgments.

Cognition Domain/Intelligence

Discuss intelligence as a general factor.

Discuss alternative conceptualizations of intelligence.

Describe the extremes of intelligence.

Discuss the history of intelligence testing, including historical use and misuse in the context of fairness.

Identify current methods of assessing human abilities.

Identify measures of and data on reliability and validity for intelligence test scores.

Discuss issues related to the consequences of intelligence testing.

Discuss the influences of biological, cultural, and environmental factors on intelligence.

Individual Variations Domain/Motivation

Explain biologically based theories of motivation.

Explain cognitively based theories of motivation.

Explain humanistic theories of motivation.

Explain the role of culture in human motivation.

Discuss eating behavior.

Discuss sexual behavior and orientation.

Discuss achievement motivation.

Discuss other ways in which humans and non-human animals are motivated.

Individual Variations Domain/Emotion

Explain the biological and cognitive components of emotion.

Discuss psychological research on basic human emotions.

Differentiate among theories of emotional experience.

Explain how biological factors influence emotional interpretation and expression.

Explain how culture and gender influence emotional interpretation and expression.

Explain how other environmental factors influence emotional interpretation and expression.

Identify biological and environmental influences on the expression experience of negative emotions, such as fear.

Identify biological and environmental influences on the expression and experience of positive emotions, such as happiness.

Individual Variations Domain/Personality

Evaluate psychodynamic theories.

Discuss self-concept.

Analyze how individualistic and collectivistic cultural perspectives relate to personality.

Evaluate trait theories.

Evaluate humanistic theories.

Evaluate social-cognitive theories.

Differentiate personality assessment techniques.

Discuss the reliability and validity of personality assessment techniques.

Discuss biological and situational influences.

Discuss stability and change.

Discuss connection to health and work on personality.

Individual Variations Domain/Psychological Disorders

Define psychologically abnormal behavior.

Describe historical and cross-cultural views of abnormality.

Describe major models of abnormality.

Discuss how stigma relates to abnormal behavior.

Discuss the impact of psychological disorders on the individual, family, and society.

Describe the classification of psychological disorders.

Discuss the challenges associated with diagnosis.

Describe symptoms and causes of major categories of psychological disorders (including schizophrenic, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders).

Evaluate how different factors influence an individual's experience of psychological disorders.

Applications of Psychological Science Domain/Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Explain how psychological treatments have changed over time and among cultures.

Identify ethical challenges involved in delivery of treatment.

Identify national and local resources available to support individuals with psychological disorders and their families (e.g., NAMI and support groups).

Match methods of treatment to psychological perspectives.

Explain why psychologists use a variety of treatment options.

Identify biomedical treatments.

Identify psychological treatments.

Describe appropriate treatments for different age groups.

Evaluate the efficacy of treatments for particular disorders.

Identify other factors that improve the efficacy of treatment.

Identify treatment providers for psychological disorders and the training required for each.

Applications of Psychological Science Domain/ Health

Define stress as a psychophysiological reaction.

Identify and explain potential sources of stress.

Explain physiological and psychological consequences of stress for health.

Identify and explain physiological, cognitive, and behavioral strategies to deal with stress.

Identify ways to promote mental health and physical fitness.

Describe the characteristics of and factors that promote resilience and optimism.

Distinguish between effective and ineffective means of dealing with stressors and other health issues.

Scientific Inquiry Domain/Research Methods, Measurement, and Statistics

Describe the scientific method and its role in psychology.

Interpret graphical representations of data as used in both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Explain other statistical concepts, such as statistical significance and effect size.

Explain how validity and reliability of observations and measurements relate to data analysis.

Describe and compare a variety of quantitative (e.g., surveys, correlations, experiments) and qualitative (e.g., interviews, narratives, focus groups) research methods.

Define systematic procedures used to improve the validity of research findings, such as external validity.

Discuss how and why psychologists use non-human animals in research.

Identify ethical standards psychologists must address regarding research with human participants.

Identify ethical guidelines psychologists must address regarding research with non-human animals.

Define descriptive statistics and explain how they are used by psychological scientists.

Define forms of qualitative data and explain how they are used by psychological scientists.

Define correlation coefficients and explain their appropriate interpretation.

Applications of Psychological Science Domain/Vocational Applications

Identify careers in psychological science and practice.

Identify resources to help select psychology programs for further study.

Identify degree requirements for psychologists and psychology-related careers.

Identify careers related to psychology.

Discuss ways in which psychological science addresses domestic and global issues.

Identify careers in psychological science that have evolved as a result of domestic and global issues.

Biopsychology Domain/Biological Bases of Behavior

Identify the major divisions and subdivisions of the human nervous system.

Describe the interactive effects of heredity and environment.

Explain how evolved tendencies influence behavior.

Identify tools used to study the nervous system.

Describe advances made in neuroscience.

Discuss issues related to scientific advances in neuroscience and genetics.

Identify the parts of the neuron and describe the basic process of neural transmission.

Differentiate between the structures and functions of the various parts of the central nervous system.

Describe lateralization of brain functions.

Discuss the mechanisms and the importance of plasticity of the nervous system.

Describe how the endocrine glands are linked to the nervous system.

Describe the effects of hormones on behavior and mental processes.

Describe hormone effects on the immune system.

Describe concepts in genetic transmission.

Biopsychology Domain/Sensation and Perception

Discuss processes of sensation and perception and how they interact

Describe perceptual illusions.

Describe the nature of attention.

Explain how experiences and expectations influence perception.

Explain the concepts of threshold and adaptation.

List forms of physical energy for which humans and non-human animals do and do not have sensory receptors.

Describe the visual sensory system.

Describe the auditory sensory system.

Describe other sensory systems, such as olfaction, gestation, and somesthesis (e.g., skin senses, kinesthesis, and vestibular sense).

Explain Gestalt principles of perception.

Describe binocular and monocular depth cues.

Describe the importance of perceptual constancies.

Biopsychology Domain/Consciousness

Identify states of consciousness.

Evaluate the biological and psychological effects of psychoactive drugs.

Explain how culture and expectations influence the use and experience of drugs.

Describe meditation and relaxation and their effects.

Describe hypnosis and controversies surrounding its nature and use.

Describe flow states.

Distinguish between processing that is conscious (i.e., explicit) and other processing that happens without conscious awareness (i.e., implicit).

Describe the circadian rhythm and its relation to sleep.

Describe the sleep cycle.

Compare theories about the functions of sleep..

Describe types of sleep disorders.

Compare theories about the functions of dreams.

Characterize the major categories of psychoactive drugs and their effects.

Describe how psychoactive drugs act at the synaptic level.

Development and Learning Domain/Life Span Development

Explain the interaction of environmental and biological factors in development, including the role of the brain in all aspects of development.

Describe newborns' reflexes, temperament, and abilities.

Describe physical and motor development in infancy.

Describe how infant perceptual abilities and intelligence develop.

Describe the development of attachment and the role of the caregiver.

Describe the development of communication and language in infancy.

Describe physical and motor development in childhood.

Describe how memory and thinking ability develops in childhood.

Describe social, cultural, and emotional development through childhood.

Identify major physical changes in adolescence.

Describe the development of reasoning and morality in adolescence.

Explain issues of continuity/discontinuity and stability/change.

Describe identity formation in adolescence.

Discuss the role of family and peers in adolescent development.

Identify major physical changes associated with adulthood and aging.

Describe cognitive changes in adulthood and aging.

Discuss social, cultural, and emotional issues in aging.

Distinguish methods used to study development.

Describe the role of sensitive and critical periods in development.

Discuss issues related to the end of life.

Discuss theories of cognitive development.

Discuss theories of moral development.

Discuss theories of social development.

Describe physical development from conception through birth and identify influences on prenatal development.

Development and Learning Domain/Learning

Describe the principles of classical conditioning.

Describe clinical and experimental examples of classical conditioning.

Apply classical conditioning to everyday life.

Describe the Law of Effect.

Describe the principles of operant conditioning.

Describe clinical and experimental examples of operant conditioning.

Apply operant conditioning to everyday life.

Describe the principles of observational and cognitive learning.

Apply observational and cognitive learning to everyday life.

Development and Learning Domain/Language Development

Describe the structure and function of language.

Discuss the relationship between language and thought.

Explain the process of language acquisition.

Discuss how acquisition of a second language can affect language development and possibly other cognitive processes.

Evaluate the theories of language acquisition.

Identify the brain structures associated with language.

Discuss how damage to the brain may affect language.

Sociocultural Context Domain/Social Interactions

Describe attributional explanations of behavior.

Discuss influences upon aggression and conflict.

Discuss factors influencing attraction and relationships.

Describe the relationship between attitudes (implicit and explicit) and behavior.

Identify persuasive methods used to change attitudes.

Describe the power of the situation.

Describe effects of others' presence on individuals' behavior.

Describe how group dynamics influence behavior.

Discuss how an individual influences group behavior.

Discuss the nature and effects of stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination.

Describe determinants of prosocial behavior.

Foundations of Sociology as a Social Science/Identify methods and strategies of research and examine the contributions of sociology to the understanding of social issues.

Discuss the development of the field of sociology as a social science.

Identify early leading theorists within social science.

Compare sociology with other social science disciplines.

Examine changing points of view of social issues, such as poverty, crime and discrimination.

Evaluate various types of sociologic research methods.

Distinguish fact from opinion in data sources to analyze various points of view about a social issue.

Determine cause-and-effect relationship issues among events as they relate to sociology.

Identify, evaluate and use appropriate reference materials and technology to interpret information about cultural life in the United States and other world cultures, both in the past and today.

Develop a working definition of sociology that has personal application.

Culture/Examine the influence on the individual and the way cultural transmission is accomplished.

Define the key components of a culture, such as knowledge, language and communication, customs, values, norms, and physical objects.

Identify both rights and responsibilities the individual has to the group.

Demonstrate democratic approaches to managing disagreements and resolving conflicts within a culture.

Compare and contrast ideas about citizenship and cultural participation from the past with those of the present community.

Explain the differences between a culture and a society.

Recognize the influences of genetic inheritance and culture on human behavior.

Give examples of subcultures and describe what makes them unique.

Compare social norms among various subcultures.

Identify the factors that promote cultural diversity within the United States.

Explain how various practices of the culture create differences within group behavior.

Compare and contrast different types of societies, such as hunting and gathering, agrarian, industrial, and post-industrial.

Prepare original written and oral reports and presentations on specific events, people or historical eras.

Social Status/Identify how social status influences individual and group behaviors and how that status relates to the position a person occupies within a social group.

Describe how social status affects social order.

Explain how roles and role expectations can lead to role conflict.

Examine and analyze various points of view relating to historical and current events.

Social Groups/Explore the impacts of social groups on individual and group behavior.

Describe how individuals are affected by the different social groups to which they belong.

Distinguish the degree of assimilation that ethnic, cultural, and social groups achieve with the United States culture.

Discuss how humans interact in a variety of social settings.

Determine the cultural patterns of behavior within such social groups as rural/urban or rich/poor.

Investigate and compare the ideas about citizenship and cultural participation of social groups from the past with those of the present community.

Identify major characteristics of social groups familiar to the students.

Examine the ways that groups function, such as roles, interactions and leadership.

Discuss the social norms of at least two groups to which the student belongs.

Analyze what can occur when the rules of behavior are broken and analyze the possible consequences for unacceptable behavior.

Identify the various types of norms (folkways, mores, laws, and taboos) and explain why these rules of behavior are considered important to society.

Discuss the concept of deviance and how society discourages deviant behavior using social control.

Explain how students are members of primary and secondary groups and how those group memberships influence students' behavior.

Discuss how formal organizations influence behavior of their members.

Social Institutions/Identify the effects of social institutions on individual and group behavior.

Identify basic social institutions and explain their impact on individuals, groups and organizations within society and how they transmit the values of society.

Identify both rights and responsibilities the individual has to primary and secondary groups.

Demonstrate democratic approaches to managing disagreements and solving conflicts within a social institution.

Explain how roles and role expectations can lead to role conflict.

Discuss the concept of political power and factors that influence political power.

Discuss how societies recognize rites of passage.

Investigate stereotypes of the various United States subcultures, such as "American Indian," "American cowboys," teenagers," "Americans," "gangs," and "hippies," from a world perspective.

Define ethnocentrism and explain how it can be beneficial or destructive to a culture.

Identify the factors that influence change in social norms over time.

Use various resources to interpret information about cultural life in the United States and other world cultures, both in the past and today.

Analyze the primary and secondary groups common to different age groups in society.

Conduct research and analysis on an issue associated with social structure or social institutions.

Social Change/Examine the changing nature of society.

Describe how and why societies change over time.

Propose a plan to improve a social structure, and design the means needed to implement the change.

Cite examples of the use of technology in social research.

Evaluate a current issue that has resulted from scientific discoveries and/or technological innovations.

Examine various social influences that can lead to immediate and long-term changes.

Describe how collective behavior can influence and change society.

Examine how technological innovations and scientific discoveries have influenced major social institutions.

Discuss how social interactions and culture could be affected in the future due to innovations in science and technological change.

Describe how the role of the mass media has changed over time and project what changes might occur in the future.

Distinguish major differences between social movements and collective behavior with examples from history and the contemporary world.

Investigate the consequences in society as result of changes.

Trace the development of the use of a specific type of technology in the community.

Social Problems/Analyze a range of social problems in today's world.

Identify characteristics of a "social" problem, as opposed to an "individual" problem.

Describe how social problems have changed over time.

Explain how patterns of behavior are found with certain social problems.

Discuss the implications of social problems for society.

Examine how individual and group responses are often associated with social problems.

Evaluate possible solutions to resolving social problems and the consequences that might result from those solutions.

Survey local agencies involved in addressing social problems to determine the extent of the problems in the local community.

Design and carry out school- and community-based projects to address a local aspect of a social problem.

Individual and Community/Examine the role of the individual as a member of the community; explore both individual and collective behavior.

Describe traditions, roles, and expectations necessary for a community to continue.

Investigate how incorrect communications, such as rumors or gossip, can influence group behavior.

Describe how collective behavior (working in groups) can influence and change society. Use historical and contemporary examples to define collective behavior.

Discuss theories that attempt to explain collective behavior.

Define a social issue to be analyzed.

Examine factors that could lead to the breakdown and disruption of an existing community.

Discuss the impact of leaders of different social movements.

Define propaganda and discuss the methods of propaganda and discuss the methods of propaganda used to influence social behavior.

Discuss both the benefits and social costs of collective behavior in society.

Identify a community social problem and discuss appropriate actions to address the problem.

Utilize historical inquiry skills and analytical processes.

Use timelines to establish cause and effect relationships of historical events.

Compare time measurement systems used by different cultures.

Interpret and evaluate primary and secondary sources.

Explain how historians use historical inquiry and other sciences to understand the past.

Compare conflicting interpretations or schools of thought about world events and individual contributions to history (historiography).

Evaluate the role of history in shaping identity and character.

Recognize significant events, figures, and contributions of medieval civilizations (Byzantine Empire, Western Europe, Japan).

Locate the extent of Byzantine territory at the height of the empire.

Describe the orders of medieval social hierarchy, the changing role of the Church, the emergence of feudalism, and the development of private property as a distinguishing feature of Western Civilization.

Describe the rise and achievements of significant rulers in medieval Europe.

Recognize the importance of Christian monasteries and convents as centers of education, charitable and missionary activity, economic productivity, and political power.

Explain how Western civilization arose from a synthesis of classical Greco-Roman civilization, Judeo-Christian influence, and the cultures of northern European peoples promoting a cultural unity in Europe.

Describe the causes and effects of the Great Famine of 1315-1316, The Black Death, The Great Schism of 1378, and the Hundred Years War on Western Europe.

Determine the factors that contributed to the growth of a modern economy.

Trace the growth and development of a national identity in the countries of England, France, and Spain.

Identify key figures, artistic, and intellectual achievements of the medieval period in Western Europe.

Describe developments in medieval English legal and constitutional history and their importance to the rise of modern democratic institutions and procedures.

Describe the impact of Japan's physiography on its economic and political development.

Describe the impact of Constantine the Great's establishment of "New Rome" (Constantinople) and his recognition of Christianity as a legal religion.

Summarize the major cultural, economic, political, and religious developments in medieval Japan.

Compare Japanese feudalism with Western European feudalism during the Middle Ages.

Describe Japan's cultural and economic relationship to China and Korea.

Analyze the extent to which the Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the old Roman Empire and in what ways it was a departure.

Identify key figures associated with the Byzantine Empire.

Explain the contributions of the Byzantine Empire.

Describe the causes and effects of the Iconoclast controversy of the 8th and 9th centuries and the 11th century Christian schism between the churches of Constantinople and Rome.

Analyze causes (Justinian's Plague, ongoing attacks from the "barbarians," the Crusades, and internal political turmoil) of the decline of the Byzantine Empire.

Describe the rise of the Ottoman Turks, the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, and the subsequent growth of the Ottoman empire under the sultanate including Mehmet the Conqueror and Suleyman the Magnificent.

Analyze the impact of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire on Europe.

Recognize significant events, figures, and contributions of Islamic, Meso and South American, and Sub-Saharan African civilizations.

Discuss significant people and beliefs associated with Islam.

Identify key significant economic, political, and social characteristics of Ghana.

Identify key figures and significant economic, political, and social characteristics associated with Mali.

Identify key figures and significant economic, political, and social characteristics associated with Songhai.

Compare economic, political, and social developments in East, West, and South Africa.

Examine the internal and external factors that led to the fall of the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai.

Analyze the legacies of the Olmec, Zapotec, and Chavin on later Meso and South American civilizations.

Locate major civilizations of Mesoamerica and Andean South America.

Describe the roles of people in the Maya, Inca, and Aztec societies.

Compare the key economic, cultural, and political characteristics of the major civilizations of Meso and South America.

Determine the impact of significant Meso and South American rulers such as Pacal the Great, Moctezuma I, and Huayna Capac.

Compare the major beliefs and principles of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Determine the causes, effects, and extent of Islamic military expansion through Central Asia, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula.

Describe the expansion of Islam into India and the relationship between Muslims and Hindus.

Describe the achievements, contributions, and key figures associated with the Islamic Golden Age.

Describe key economic, political, and social developments in Islamic history.

Analyze the causes, key events, and effects of the European response to Islamic expansion beginning in the 7th century.

Identify important figures associated with the Crusades.

Trace the growth of major sub-Saharan African kingdoms and empires.

Analyze the causes, events, and effects of the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Age of Exploration.

Identify the economic and political causes for the rise of the Italian city-states (Florence, Milan, Naples, Rome, Venice).

Identify the major contributions of individuals associated with the Scientific Revolution.

Summarize the causes that led to the Age of Exploration, and identify major voyages and sponsors.

Evaluate the scope and impact of the Columbian Exchange on Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

Examine the various economic and political systems of Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and England in the Americas.

Recognize the practice of slavery and other forms of forced labor experienced during the 13th through 17th centuries in East Africa, West Africa, Europe, Southwest Asia, and the Americas.

Explain the origins, developments, and impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade between West Africa and the Americas.

Recognize major influences on the architectural, artistic, and literary developments of Renaissance Italy (Classical, Byzantine, Islamic, Western European).

Identify the major artistic, literary, and technological contributions of individuals during the Renaissance.

Identify characteristics of Renaissance humanism in works of art.

Describe how ideas from the Middle Ages and Renaissance led to the Scientific Revolution.

Describe how scientific theories and methods of the Scientific Revolution challenged those of the early classical and medieval periods.

Identify criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church by individuals such as Wycliffe, Hus and Erasmus and their impact on later reformers.

Summarize religious reforms associated with Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Henry VIII, and John of Leyden and the effects of the Reformation on Europe.

Analyze the Roman Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation in the forms of the Counter and Catholic Reformation.

Analyze the causes, events, and effects of the Enlightenment and its impact on the American, French and other Revolutions.

Compare the causes and effects of the development of constitutional monarchy in England with those of the development of absolute monarchy in France, Spain, and Russia.

Identify major causes of the Enlightenment.

Summarize the major ideas of Enlightenment philosophers.

Evaluate the impact of Enlightenment ideals on the development of economic, political, and religious structures in the Western world.

Analyze the extent to which the Enlightenment impacted the American and French Revolutions.

Summarize the important causes, events, and effects of the French Revolution including the rise and rule of Napoleon.

Describe the causes and effects of 19th Latin American and Caribbean independence movements led by people including Bolivar, de San Martin, and L' Ouverture.

Understand the development of Western and non-Western nationalism, industrialization and imperialism, and the significant processes and consequences of each.

Describe the agricultural and technological innovations that led to industrialization in Great Britain and its subsequent spread to continental Europe, the United States, and Japan.

Summarize the social and economic effects of the Industrial Revolution.

Compare the philosophies of capitalism, socialism, and communism as described by Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx.

Describe the 19th and early 20th century social and political reforms and reform movements and their effects in Africa, Asia, Europe, the United States, the Caribbean, and Latin America.

Summarize the causes, key events, and effects of the unification of Italy and Germany.

Analyze the causes and effects of imperialism.

Identify major events in China during the 19th and early 20th centuries related to imperialism.

Recognize significant causes, events, figures, and consequences of the Great War period and the impact on worldwide balance of power.

Analyze the causes of World War I including the formation of European alliances and the roles of imperialism, nationalism, and militarism.

Summarize the causes and effects of President Truman's decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan.

Describe the effects of World War II.

Describe the changing nature of warfare during World War I.

Summarize significant effects of World War I.

Describe the causes and effects of the German economic crisis of the 1920s and the global depression of the 1930s, and analyze how governments responded to the Great Depression.

Describe the rise of authoritarian governments in the Soviet Union, Italy, Germany, and Spain, and analyze the policies and main ideas of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, and Francisco Franco.

Analyze the restriction of individual rights and the use of mass terror against populations in the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and occupied territories.

Trace the causes and key events related to World War II.

Explain the causes, events, and effects of the Holocaust (1933-1945) including its roots in the long tradition of anti-Semitism, 19th century ideas about race and nation, and Nazi dehumanization of the Jews and other victims.

Identify the wartime strategy and post-war plans of the Allied leaders.

Recognize significant events and people from the post World War II and Cold War eras.

Identify the United States and Soviet aligned states of Europe, and contrast their political and economic characteristics.

Explain the impact of religious fundamentalism in the last half of the 20th century, and identify related events and forces in the Middle East over the last several decades.

Describe characteristics of the early Cold War.

Summarize key developments in post-war China.

Summarize the causes and effects of the arms race and proxy wars in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Identify the factors that led to the decline and fall of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

Explain the 20th century background for the establishment of the modern state of Israel in 1948, including the Zionist movement, and the ongoing military and political conflicts between Israel and the Arab-Muslim world.

Compare post-war independence movements in African, Asian, and Caribbean countries.

Describe the rise and goals of nationalist leaders in the post-war era and the impact of their rule on their societies.

Analyze the successes and failures of democratic reform movements in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Latin America.

Identify major economic, political, social, and technological trends beginning in the 20th century.

Identify major scientific figures and breakthroughs of the 20th century, and assess their impact on contemporary life.

Describe the causes and effects of post-World War II economic and demographic changes.

Explain cultural, historical, and economic factors and governmental policies that created the opportunities for ethnic cleansing or genocide in Cambodia, the Balkans, Rwanda, and Darfur, and describe various governmental and non-governmental responses to them.

Describe the causes and effects of twentieth century nationalist conflicts.

Assess the social and economic impact of pandemics on a global scale, particularly within the developing and under-developed world.

Analyze the rise of regional trade blocs such as the European Union and NAFTA, and predict the impact of increased globalization in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Describe the impact of and global response to international terrorism.

Analyze the origins of antisemitism and its use by the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nazi) regime.

Explain the significant events, public policies and experiences of the Holocaust.

Discuss the impact and aftermath of the Holocaust.

Identify major economic, political, social, and technological trends beginning in the 20th century.

Recognize significant events and people from the post World War II and Cold War eras.

Recognize significant causes, events, figures, and consequences of the Great War period and the impact on worldwide balance of power.

Understand the development of Western and non-Western nationalism, industrialization and imperialism, and the significant processes and consequences of each.

Analyze the causes, events, and effects of the Enlightenment and its impact on the American, French and other Revolutions.

Analyze the causes, events, and effects of the Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution, and Age of Exploration.

Recognize significant events, figures, and contributions of Islamic, Meso and South American, and Sub-Saharan African civilizations.

Recognize significant events, figures, and contributions of medieval civilizations (Byzantine Empire, Western Europe, Japan).

Utilize historical inquiry skills and analytical processes.

World History

Individual and Community/Examine the role of the individual as a member of the community; explore both individual and collective behavior.

Social Problems/Analyze a range of social problems in today’s world.

Social Change/Examine the changing nature of society.

Social Institutions/Identify the effects of social institutions on individual and group behavior.

Social Groups/Explore the impacts of social groups on individual and group behavior.

Social Status/Identify how social status influences individual and group behaviors and how that status relates to the position a person occupies within a social group.

Culture/Examine the influence on the individual and the way cultural transmission is accomplished.

Foundations of Sociology as a Social Science/Identify methods and strategies of research and examine the contributions of sociology to the understanding of social issues.

Sociology

Develop an understanding of the language acquisition process and the structure of language.

Develop an understanding on the theories of learning.

Develop an understanding of the progression of the human life span, and examine the biological, psychological and social factors that contribute to growth.

Define stress and explain the physiological and psychological effects of it on the human body and identify strategies for coping with or minimizing it.

Explore the history, methods and efficacy of treating psychological disorders, including support resources.

Identify and categorize psychological disorders, including examples of the causes, diagnosis and impact to family and community.

Identify and categorize psychological disorders, including causes, symptoms, and impact to the individual and those around them.

Understand the types, processes and storage of memory, including strategies for improving memory.

Understand the types, processes and storage of memory, including strategies for improving memory.

Identify the meaning, history and value of psychology and its role as a social science.

Psychology

Understand how transportation, trade, communication, science, and technology influence the progression and regression of cultures.

Respond critically and aesthetically to various works in the arts.

Identify and analyze the historical, social, and cultural contexts of the arts.

Humanities

Discuss the impact and aftermath of the Holocaust.

Explain the significant events, public policies and experiences of the Holocaust.

Analyze the origins of antisemitism and its use by the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi) regime.

Holocaust Education

Understand how to apply geography to interpret the past and present and plan for the future.

Understand how human actions can impact the environment.

Understand the characteristics, distribution, and migration of human populations.

Understand the relationships between the Earth's ecosystems and the populations that dwell within them.

Understand physical and cultural characteristics of places.

Understand how to use maps and other geographic representations, tools, and technology to report information.

Geography

Understand the fundamental concepts and interrelationships of the United States economy in the international marketplace.

fundamental concepts relevant... Understand the fundamental concepts relevant to the institutions, structure, and functions of a national economy.

Understand the fundamental concepts relevant to the development of a market economy.

Economics

Demonstrate an understanding of contemporary issues in world affairs and evaluate the role and impact of U.S. foreign policy.

Demonstrate an understanding of the principles, functions and organization of government.

Evaluate the roles, rights and responsibilities of U.S. citizens and determine methods of active participation in society, government and the political system.

Demonstrate an understanding of the origins and purposes of government, law and the American political system.

Civics and Government

Understand the rise and continuing international influence of the United States as a world leader and the impact of contemporary social and political movements on American life.

Understand the causes and course of World War II, the character of the war at home and abroad, and its reshaping of the United States role in the post-war world.

Analyze the effects of the changing social, political, and economic conditions of the Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression.

Demonstrate an understanding of the changing role of the United States in world affairs through the end of World War I.

Analyze the transformation of the American economy and the changing social and political conditions in response to the Industrial Revolution.

Understand the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War and Reconstruction and its effects on the American people.

Use research and inquiry skills to analyze American history using primary and secondary sources.

American History

Identify the importance of historiography when interpreting events in history.

Identify the author and purpose of significant historical documents using primary and secondary sources.

Use a timeline to identify the sequence of historical data.

Interpret images, symbols, objects, cartoons, graphs, charts, maps, artwork, artifacts, or writings to obtain information about a time period and events from the past.

Determine the accuracy of current events and Internet resources by comparing them to reliable sources.

Use a case study to explore social, political, legal, and economic relationships in history.

Describe selected socio-cultural aspects of American life, such as the arts, artifacts, literature, education, and publications.

Recognize a major cause and consequence of the Civil War.

Describe the influence of significant people or groups on Reconstruction.

Recognize a major issue that divided Republicans during the early Reconstruction Era.

Recognize a freedom guaranteed to African Americans and other groups with the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution.

Describe how Jim Crow Laws influenced life for African Americans and other racial/ethnic minority groups.

Identify one of the Native American experiences during the westward expansion.

Identify one effect of the Black Codes and the Nadir on freed people.

Identify the sharecropping and debt peonage system that was practiced in the United States.

Identify a response to economic challenges faced by farmers in the mid to late 1800s.

Compare major differences in economic and philosophic ideologies.

Identify ways powerful groups (political machines) in United States cities controlled the government in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Identify ways nongovernmental organizations and progressives have shaped public policy and corrected injustices in American life.

Identify a key event or person in Florida history related to United States history.

Examine one social, political, and economic development in the second Industrial Revolution (e.g., mass production of consumer goods, including transportation, food and drink, clothing, and entertainment [cinema, radio, the gramophone]).

Compare one development or invention in the first and second Industrial Revolutions in the United States.

Identify how developments in industry affected the United States economy, such as steel, oil, transportation, communications, and business practices.

Identify a significant inventor of the Industrial Revolution, including an African American or a woman.

Identify changes that occurred as the United States shifted from an agrarian to an industrial society.

Compare the way European immigrants in the east and Asian immigrants in the west were treated.

Identify the importance of social change or reform during the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Identify a cause and consequence of the labor movement in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Identify major factors that drove United States imperialism.

Identify a provision of the Treaty of Versailles and the failure of the United States to support the League of Nations.

Identify a key event or person in Florida history related to United States history.

Identify the purpose of the United States expanding into other territories.

Identify a cause and consequence of the Spanish American War.

Identify an economic, military, and security reason why the United States completed the Panama Canal and the challenges that were faced during its construction.

Identify a cause and consequence of United States involvement in World War I.

Identify ways the United States government prepared the nation for World War I, such as Selective Service Act, War Industries Board, war bonds, Espionage Act, Sedition Act, Committee of Public Information.

Identify the impact of the development of airplanes, battleships, new weaponry, and chemical warfare in creating new war strategies (trench warfare, convoys).

Identify experiences diverse American groups had while serving in Europe.

Identify impacts of the war on German Americans, Asian Americans, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Jewish Americans, Native Americans, women and dissenters in the United States.

Identify an economic result of demobilization.

Identify reasons why some people supported, and others resisted civil rights for women, African Americans, Native Americans, and other minorities.

Identify a cause and a consequence of the Great Depression and the New Deal.

Identify a key event or person in Florida history related to United States history.

Identify the causes of the public reaction (labor, strikes, and racial unrest) associated with the Red Scare.

Recognize the impact of United States foreign economic policies during the 1920s.

Identify results of the economic boom of the Roaring Twenties such as changed consumers, businesses, manufacturing, and marketing practices.

Identify actions of the United States and world powers to avoid future wars.

Identify the influences of Hollywood, the Harlem Renaissance, the Fundamentalist movement, and Prohibition on American society in the 1920s.

Recognize the effects of freedom movements that advocated for civil rights for African Americans, Latinos, Asians, and women.

Identify the major view of a leader relating to the African American experience, such as Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois, or Marcus Garvey.

Recognize that support of the Ku Klux Klan changed during the 1920s with respect to issues such as anti-immigrants, anti-African Americans, anti-Catholics, anti-Jewish, anti-women, and anti-unions.

Identify major causes and consequences of World War II on the United States and the world.

Identify a cause and consequence of the early years of the Cold War (Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, Warsaw Pact).

Identify the various viewpoints about the spread of nuclear technology in the United States and the world.

Identify a cause and consequence of the Korean War.

Identify results of significant foreign policy events during the Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon administrations.

Identify a cause and consequence of the Vietnam War.

Identify a key event or person in Florida history related to United States history

Identify the United States response in the early years of World War II (Neutrality Acts, Cash and Carry, Lend Lease Act).

Identify the impact of the Holocaust during World War II on Jews and other groups.

Identify the actions to expand or contract rights for various populations during World War II.

Identify an impact of World War II on domestic government policy.

Identify a reason for the use of atomic weapons during World War II and the aftermath of the bombings.

Identify attempts to promote international justice through the Nuremberg Trials.

Identify the effects of the Red Scare on United States domestic policy.

Identify the reason for the formation of the United Nations, including the contribution of Mary McLeod Bethune.

Identify a cause and effect of post-World War II prosperity on American society.

Identify the impact of the Vietnam War and Watergate on the government and people of the United States.

Identify aspects of United States foreign policy as it relates to Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Identify political, economic, and social concerns that emerged from the late 1900s to early 2000s.

Identify the attempts to extend New Deal legislation through the Great Society and the successes and failures of these programs to promote social and economic stability.

Recognize ways the United States participates in the global economy (trade agreements, international competition, impact on American labor, environmental concerns).

Identify effects of foreign and domestic terrorism on the American people.

Identify ways that immigration policy and attitudes have changed since 1950.

Identify a key event or person in Florida history related to United States history.

Identify the prosperity of different ethnic groups and social classes in the post-World War II period.

Identify ways that the role of women in the United States has changed since World War II.

Examine foreign and domestic policies and programs in the 1960s.

Identify violent and nonviolent approaches used by groups (African Americans, women, Native Americans, and Hispanics) to achieve civil rights.

Identify important acts of key persons and organizations in the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement.

Identify ways African Americans, whites, and other groups joined together to bring about changes in integration and equal rights.

Identify the importance of Supreme Court cases, relating to integration, busing, affirmative action, the rights of the accused, and reproductive rights.

Identify social movements of the 1960s and 1970s (Native Americans, Hispanics, women, anti-war protesters).

Recognize how influences in primary documents contributed to the ideas in the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the Bill of Rights.

Identify the influence of an Enlightenment idea on the Declaration of Independence.

Recognize the arguments presented in the Federalist Papers in support of ratifying the U.S. Constitution and a republican form of government.

Identify how the ideals and principles expressed in the founding documents shape America as a constitutional republic

Recognize how the U.S. Constitution and its amendments uphold the following political principles: checks and balances, consent of the governed, democracy, due process of law, federalism, individual rights, limited government, representative government, republicanism, rule of law and separation of powers.

Identify the constitutional provisions that establish and affect citizenship.

Identify factors that contribute to voter turnout in local, state and national elections.

Identify various forms of political communication for bias, factual accuracy, omission and emotional appeal.

Recognize that interest groups, the media and public opinion influence local, state and national decision-making related to public issues.

Recognize the influence and effects of various forms of media and the internet in political communication.

Recognize the importance of political and civic participation to the success of the United States constitutional republic.

Identify a responsibility of citizens at the local, state and national levels.

Identify a position on issues that cause the government to balance the interests of individuals with the public good.

Identify contemporary and historical examples of government-imposed restrictions on rights.

Recognize how the principles contained in foundational documents contributed to the expansion of civil rights and liberties over time.

Recognize the impact of civic engagement as a means of preserving or reforming institutions.

Recognize the impact of political parties, interest groups, media and individuals on determining and shaping public policy.

Identify the process and procedures of elections at the state and national levels.

Identify how certain political ideologies conflict with the principles of freedom and democracy.

Identify the levels and responsibilities of state and federal courts.

Recognize how landmark Supreme Court decisions affect law, liberty and the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.

Identify the concept of federalism in the United States and its role in establishing the relationship between the state and national governments.

Identify how issues between Florida, other states and the national government are resolved.

Identify the judicial decision-making process in interpreting law at the state and national levels.

Identify how citizens are affected by the local, state and national governments.

Recognize how the U.S. Constitution safeguards and limits individual rights.

Identify the structures, functions and processes of the legislative branch as described in Article I of the U.S. Constitution.

Identify the structures, functions and processes of the executive branch as described in Article II of the U.S. Constitution.

Recognize how independent regulatory agencies interact with the three branches of government and with citizens.

Identify expressed, implied, concurrent and reserved powers in the U.S. Constitution.

Identify the structures, functions and processes of the judicial branch as described in Article III of the U.S. Constitution.

Recognize the purpose and function of judicial review in the American constitutional government.

Compare the role of state and federal judges with other elected officials.

Identify how liberty and economic freedom generate broad-based opportunity and prosperity in the United States.

Identify how the United States uses foreign policy to influence other nations.

Identify how U.S. foreign policy supports democracy and protects human rights around the world.

Identify an indicator of democratization in foreign countries.

Identify examples of factors of production of goods and services.

Identify how the government uses taxation and spending to provide jobs which leads to economic growth.

Identify that the Federal Reserve controls interest rates to affect economic growth.

Identify the four phases of the business cycle, such as peak, contraction-unemployment, trough, and expansion-inflation.

Describe the basic functions and characteristics of money in the United States.

Compare major differences between credit, savings, and investment services.

Identify the risk and return of a variety of investments and diversification.

Create a budget plan that includes wages and expenses, and a plan for purchasing a major item.

Utilize a production possibilities graph to identify the impact of scarcity, choice and opportunity costs.

Identify differences in the major characteristics of the market, command, and mixed economic systems and how they answer: (1) What to produce? (2) How to produce? And (3) For whom to produce?

Identify supply, demand, quantity supplied, and quantity demanded.

Using a supply and demand graph, identify how the equilibrium price is determined by the interaction between supply and demand.

Identify forms of business organizations.

Identify differences between the four market structures (monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition, pure competition).

Identify factors that determine the price of a good or service to maximize profit.

Identify characteristics of price and non-price competition, such as discounts and rebates, and quality and extra service.

Identify factors that determine the earnings of workers.

Identify broad economic goals.

Identify a function of the Federal Reserve System.

Describe economic impacts of negative and positive side effects on the environment.

Identify the flow of money in a local economy, and how it affects the individual, household, businesses, banks, government, and international trade.

Identify a public policy issue that affects the student’s community and potential consequences, such as rezoning for housing and businesses or building new roads.

Identify contributions of entrepreneurs, inventors, and other key individuals from various gender, social, and ethnic backgrounds in the development of the United States.

Identify examples of government wage and price controls, such as minimum wage and rent control.

Identify how capital investments may impact economic growth.

Identify the benefits of natural monopolies and reasons for the government to regulate monopolies.

Identify a common impact of inflation on society.

Identify different types of taxes.

Recognize the relationship between federal government spending and taxation on the economy.

Describe the impact of inflation on world economies.

Identify economic advantages a country may have when trading with another country.

Describe why countries establish barriers to trade and the effects.

Compare the positive and negative economic impacts on different countries.

Identify differences in the economies of the United States and another country.

Differentiate how people and countries make economic decisions about the use of scarce resources in the most efficient way.

Design maps to explain physical and cultural attributes of major world regions.

Using the Six Essential Elements, describe any given place.

Utilize units of measurement and scale to solve simple locational problems using maps and globes.

Identify geographic information from a variety of sources including primary sources, atlases, computer, and digital sources, Geographic Information System (GIS), and a broad variety of maps.

Identify physical and human characteristics that define and differentiate regions.

Recognize the factors and processes that contribute to the differences between developing and developed regions of the world.

Use geographic terms and tools to identify regional issues in different parts of the world that have critical economic, physical, or political ramifications in case studies.

Use geographic terms and tools to identify how selected regions change over time in case studies.

Use geographic terms and tools including mining, drilling, farming, and housing to identify debates over how human actions modify selected regions using case studies.

Using geographic terms, identify characteristics of major ecosystems of Earth, such as location, climate, landforms, and resources.

Use geographic terms and tools to describe how weather and climate influence a location.

Use geographic terms and tools to identify different opinions on the use of renewable and non-renewable resources in Florida, the United States, and the world.

Use geographic terms and tools to describe how Earth’s internal changes such as volcanoes and earthquakes and external changes such as droughts, floods, and erosion impact the characteristics of locations

Use geographic terms and tools to describe how changes in the distribution or use of water (hydrology), such as damming a river or building an irrigation system, impact locations.

Compare the changes in population growth and other demographic data for selected places.

Use geographic terms and tools to describe the push/pull factors contributing to human migration.

Use geographic terms and tools to examine effects of migration on the place of origin and destination, including border areas.

Utilize geographic terms and tools to identify issues in globalization, such as outsourcing and unfair treatment of certain population groups.

Use geographic terms and tools to identify changes in cities and urban centers.

Use geographic terms and tools to identify an effect of a change in a specific characteristic of a place on the human population of that place.

Use geographic terms and tools to identify characteristics of cultural diffusion throughout selected places, regions, and the world.

Use geographic concepts to identify political, social, and economic factors that define space, such as patterns of land use and availability of transportation systems.

Use political maps to identify changes in boundaries or governments within a continent.

Identify examples of how the Earth’s physical systems, such as landforms, locations, resources, and climate affect humans in case studies.

Identify how changes in the physical environment of a place can impact its capacity to support human activity in case studies.

Identify how human use of technology affects the environment of places in case studies

Identify how humans impact the diversity and productivity of an ecosystem in case studies.

Use geographic terms and tools to identify effects of government policies or programs for resource use and management in case studies.

Identify how change to an environmental factor can affect an ecosystem in case studies.

Use appropriate maps and other graphic representations to examine geographic problems and changes over time.

Identify, organize, and determine the importance of information about a specific place.

Identify the relationship between physical and cultural phenomena in specific places using geographic models.

Use narratives about places and events to create graphic representations, such as maps, tables, or graphs.

Identify issues relating to human spatial organization and environmental stability.

Identify solutions relating to human spatial organization and environmental stability.

Identify works in the arts, including architecture, music, and visual arts, from time periods, such as Classical, Renaissance, Modern, and Contemporary.

Identify ways historical events, social context, culture, and government are displayed in works of art, such as imperial Roman sculpture, the Palace of Versailles, and the layout of Washington, D.C.

Identify works in the arts from various cultures, such as African, Asian, European, the Americas, and the Middle Eastern.

Identify philosophical beliefs as they relate to works in the arts.

Identify artistic response to social issues (I.e., Victor Hugo and Langston Hughes) and new ideas in various cultures.

Identify how current events are explained by artistic and cultural trends of the past.

Recognize terminology of art forms (narthex, apse, triforium of Gothic cathedral) within cultures and use appropriately in oral and written references.

Recognize characteristics of specific works within various art forms such as architecture, dance, film, literature, music, theatre, and visual arts.

Identify the genre and form of works within art forms, such as modern and ethnic dance, and ballads, and nationalistic music.

Identify ways of evaluating art by examining the elements of the art form (formal), deciding one’s own feelings about the art (intuitive) and recognizing the use of symbolism.

Identify an effect of works of art on an individual or group, such as changing their mood or leading groups to protest.

Describe influences on an audience’s response to art such as the historical, social, cultural, or physical setting.

Identify effects of transportation, trade, communication, science, and technology on the preservation of a culture and its diffusion to other locations.

Recognize social, ethical, moral, religious, and legal issues related to technological or scientific developments and their influence on works of arts.

Recognize contributions made by various world cultures through trade and communication.

Predict future contributions and changes made by various world cultures through trade and communication.

Recognize the Holocaust is history’s most extreme example of antisemitism, persecution, and murder on the European Jews by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945.

Identify how the Nazi regime utilized and built on historical antisemitism including propaganda to create a common enemy of the Jews.

Describe how the Treaty of Versailles was a causal factor leading the rise of the Nazis, and how the increasing spread of antisemitism was manipulated to the Nazis’ advantages.

Recognize German culpability, reparations, and military downsizing as effects of the Treaty of Versailles.

Explain how the National Socialist German Workers’ Party, or Nazi Party, grew into a mass movement and gained and maintained power in Germany through totalitarian means from 1933 to 1945 under the leadership of Adolf Hitler.

Recognize the Nazis utilized various forms of propaganda to indoctrinate the German population.

Identify how the Nazis used education and youth programs to indoctrinate young people into the Nazi ideology.

Explain how eugenics, scientific racism and Social Darwinism provided a foundation for Nazi racial beliefs.

Define “the Aryan Race” and why this terminology was used.

Identify how the Nazis used propaganda, pseudoscience and the law to transform Judaism from a religion to a race.

Describe how the life of Jews deteriorated under the Third Reich and the Nuremberg Laws in Germany and its annexed territories (e.g., the Rhineland, Sudetenland, Austria) from 1933 to 1938.

Recognize the origins and purpose of ghettos in Europe.

Describe life in the various ghettos.

Define “partisan” and explain the role partisans played in World War II.

Describe the origins, purpose and conditions associated with various types of camps.

Recognize death marches as the forcible movement of prisoners by Nazis with the dual purpose of removing evidence and murdering as many people as possible (toward the end of World War II and the Holocaust) from Eastern Europe to Germany proper.

Explain the experience of Holocaust survivors following World War II.

Identify the causes and effects of Kristallnacht and how it became a watershed event in the transition from targeted persecution and anti-Jewish policy to open, public violence against Jews in Nazi-controlled Europe.

Identify Hitler’s motivations for the annexations of Austria and the Sudetenland, and the invasion of Poland.

Describe why immigration was difficult for Jewish people (e.g., MS St. Louis, the Evian Conference, immigration quota systems) from 1933 to 1939.

Identify the effect Nazi policies had on other groups targeted by the government of Nazi Germany including, but not limited to, ethnic and religious groups, the individuals with physical and intellectual disabilities and homosexuals.

Identify the various armed and unarmed resistance efforts in Europe from 1933 to 1945.

Recognize the role that individuals played in the implementation of Nazi policies against Jewish people and other targeted groups, as well as the role of rescuers in opposing the Nazis and their policies.

Describe corporate complicity as including, but not limited to, supporting methods of identification and record keeping, continuing trade relationships, financial resources, the use of slave labor, production for the war effort and moral and ethical corporate decisions (1930–1945).

Identify how killing squads, including the Einsatzgruppen, conducted mass shooting operations in Eastern Europe with the assistance of the Schutzstaffel (SS), police units, the army and local collaborators.

Describe the international communitys efforts to hold perpetrators responsible for their involvement in the Holocaust.

Identify the impact of the Eichmann Trial on policy concerning crimes against humanity, capital punishment, accountability, the testimony of survivors and acknowledgment of the international community.

Identify the effects of Holocaust denial on contemporary society.

Explain why it is important for current and future generations to learn from the Holocaust.

Recognize that antisemitism includes a certain perception of the Jewish people, which may be expressed as hatred toward Jewish people, rhetorical and physical manifestations of antisemitism directed toward a person or his or her property or toward Jewish community institutions or religious facilities.

Recognize psychology as a scientific discipline.

Identify a goal of psychology as a science.

Recognize important figures in the emergence of psychology as a scientific discipline.

Identify a historical perspective of psychology as a scientific discipline.

Identify a perspective employed to understand behavior and mental processes.

Recognize the steps of the scientific method as a process utilized in applied psychological research

Recognize a major subfield of psychology.

Recognize the value of psychology in society and peoples lives.

Recognize factors that influence encoding.

Identify a factor influencing memory retrieval.

Recognize that memories can be changed.

Identify a strategy for improving the retrieval of memories.

Recognize a difference between shallow and deep processing.

Identify a strategy for improving the encoding of memory.

Identify a characteristic of working memory.

Identify a characteristic of long-term memory.

Recognize that memory storage is a biological process.

Identify a characteristic of how memory is stored.

Identify a type of memory (sensory, short-term, working, long-term).

Recognize a characteristic of a memory disorder.

Identify a strategy for improving the storage of memories.

Recognize the importance of retrieval cues in memory.

Recognize that interference plays a role in memory retrieval.

Recognize that understanding information is a cognitive process.

Identify steps involved in problem solving and decision making.

Recognize non-human problem-solving abilities.

Identify an obstacle to problem solving.

Identify an obstacle to decision making.

Identify an obstacle to making good judgments.

Recognize a psychodynamic theory.

Identify a characteristic of self-concept.

Identify a characteristic of individualistic cultural perspective as it relates to personality.

Identify a characteristic of collectivistic cultural perspective as it relates to personality.

Recognize a trait theory.

Recognize a humanistic theory.

Recognize a social-cognitive theory.

Recognize a personality assessment technique.

Identify a concern for reliability of a personality assessment technique.

Identify a concern for validity of a personality assessment technique.

Identify a biological influence.

Identify a situational influence.

Identify a characteristic of stability.

Identify a characteristic of change.

Recognize a connection to health and work on personality.

Identify a characteristic of psychologically abnormal behavior.

Recognize a historical view of abnormality.

Recognize a cross-cultural view of abnormality.

Recognize a model of abnormality.

Identify a stigma related to abnormal behavior.

Identify an impact of psychological disorders on the individual.

Identify an impact of psychological disorders on the family.

Identify an impact of psychological disorders on society.

Recognize the classification system of psychological disorders.

Identify a challenge associated with diagnosis.

Recognize a symptom of a category of psychological disorders.

Recognize a cause of a category of psychological disorders.

Identify a factor that may influence an individuals experience of a psychological disorder.

Recognize an ethical challenge involved in delivery of treatment.

Recognize that psychological treatments have changed over time.

Recognize that psychological treatments have changed among cultures.

Identify a method of treatment of a psychological perspective.

Recognize that psychologists use a variety of treatment options.

Recognize a biomedical treatment.

Recognize a psychological treatment

Identify an appropriate treatment for an age group.

Identify the efficacy of a treatment for a particular disorder.

Recognize a factor that improves the efficacy of a treatment.

Recognize a treatment provider for psychological disorders.

Recognize training required for treatment providers of psychological disorders.

Recognize that stress is a psychophysiological reaction.

Recognize potential sources of stress.

Recognize a physiological consequence of stress for health.

Recognize a psychological consequence of stress for health.

Recognize a physiological strategy to deal with stress.

Identify a way to promote mental health and physical fitness.

Recognize a characteristic of resilience and optimism.

Recognize a factor that promotes resilience and optimism.

Recognize an effective means of dealing with stressors and other health issues.

Recognize an ineffective means of dealing with stressors and other health issues.

Identify a newborns reflex.

Recognize a characteristic of temperament of a newborn.

Recognize a characteristic of physical development in infancy.

Recognize a characteristic of motor development in infancy.

Recognize an infant perceptual ability.

Recognize a characteristic of infant intelligence.

Identify a type of attachment.

Recognize the role of the caregiver in the development of attachment.

Recognize a characteristic of communication in infancy.

Recognize a characteristic of language in infancy.

Recognize a stage of physical development in childhood.

Recognize a stage of motor development in childhood.

Recognize memory and thinking ability development in childhood.

Identify an environmental factor in development.

Identify a biological factor in development.

Recognize an interaction between environmental and biological factors in development.

Identify a role of the brain in an aspect of development.

Recognize an issue of continuity/discontinuity.

Recognize an issue of stability/change.

Recognize a method used to study development.

Recognize the role of sensitive periods in development.

Recognize the role of critical periods in development.

Recognize an issue related to the end of life.

Recognize a theory of cognitive development.

Recognize a theory of moral development.

Recognize a theory of social development.

Identify a stage of physical development from conception through birth.

Recognize an influence on prenatal development.

Recognize a principle of classical conditioning.

Recognize an example of classical conditioning.

Recognize an example of classical conditioning in everyday life.

Identify a characteristic of the Law of Effect.

Recognize a principle of operant conditioning.

Recognize an example of operant conditioning.

Recognize an example of operant conditioning in everyday life.

Examples may include, but are not limited to, Albert Bandura, modeling, attention, retention, replication, motivation, antisocial behavior, prosocial behavior.

Recognize an example of observational and cognitive learning in everyday life.

Recognize a structure of language.

Identify a function of language.

Recognize the relationship between language and thought.

Recognize a stage of language acquisition.

Recognize an effect of acquisition of a second language on language development.

Recognize an effect of acquisition of a second language on cognitive processes.

Recognize a theory of language acquisition.

Identify a brain structure associated with language.

Recognize the effect that damage to a brain structure may have on language.

Recognize an historical perspective in the development of the field of sociology as a social science.

Recognize an early leading theorist within social science.

Identify a characteristic of sociology that is distinct from other social science disciplines.

Recognize a changing point of view of a social issue, such as poverty, crime and discrimination.

Recognize a sociological research method.

Recognize a fact in a data source about a social issue.

Recognize an opinion in a data source about a social issue.

Recognize a cause-and-effect relationship among events as they relate to sociology.

Recognize a characteristic of appropriate reference materials and technology related to information about cultural life in the United States, past and present.

Recognize a characteristic of appropriate reference materials and technology related to information about cultural life in other world cultures, past and present.

Recognize a working definition of sociology through a personal application.

Recognize a key component of a culture.

Recognize a right an individual has to a group.

Recognize a responsibility an individual has to a group.

Recognize a democratic approach to managing disagreements within a culture.

Recognize a democratic approach to resolving conflicts within a culture.

Recognize an idea about citizenship and cultural participation from the past.

Identify an element of culture.

Identify an element of society.

Recognize an influence of genetic inheritance on human behavior.

Recognize an influence of culture on human behavior.

Identify an example of a subculture.

Recognize a unique characteristic of a subculture.

Recognize a difference in a social norm between two subcultures

Recognize a factor that promotes cultural diversity within the United States.

Recognize a practice of a given culture that creates differences within group behavior.

Recognize a characteristic of different types of societies.

Prepare an original product on a specific event, person, or historical era.

Recognize a characteristic of a social status.

Recognize a way social status affects social order.

Recognize a problem related to a role and its role expectations.

Recognize a difference between two points of view relating to an historical event

Recognize a difference between two points of view relating to a current event.

Recognize an effect on the individual by the different social groups to which they belong.

Recognize an example of the level of assimilation that an ethnic, cultural, and social group achieve with the United States culture.

Identify an example of how humans interact in a variety of social settings.

Recognize the cultural pattern of behavior within a social group.

Recognize an idea about citizenship and cultural participation of a social group from the past.

Recognize an idea about citizenship and cultural participation of a social group of the present community.

Recognize a major characteristic of a social group familiar to the students.

Recognize a way that groups function.

Identify a social norm of a group to which the student belongs.

Recognize an effect when a rule of behavior is broken.

Identify a consequence for unacceptable behavior.

Recognize a type of norm.

Recognize a reason these rules of behavior are considered important to society.

Recognize a characteristic of deviance

Identify an example of how society discourages deviant behavior using social control.

Identify an example of a student's primary group.

Identify an example of a student's secondary group.

Recognize a way in which group membership can influence a student's behavior

Recognize a way formal organizations influence the behavior of their members.

Recognize a right the individual has to a primary group.

Recognize a responsibility the individual has to a primary group.

Recognize a right the individual has to a secondary group.

Recognize a responsibility the individual has to secondary group.

Participate in a democratic approach to managing disagreements and solving conflicts within a social institution.

Recognize a potential conflict related to a role and its role expectations.

Recognize a basic social institution.

Identify an impact of a social institution on individuals, groups, and organizations.

Identify a way social institutions transmit the values of society.

Recognize a characteristic of political power.

Recognize a factor that influences political power.

Recognize an example of a rite of passage of a society.

Recognize a stereotype of a United States subculture from a world perspective.

Recognize a characteristic of ethnocentrism.

Recognize a cultural consequence of ethnocentrism.

Recognize a factor that influences change in social norms over time.

Identify a resource to interpret information about past cultural life in the United States and other world cultures.

Identify a resource to interpret information about current cultural life in the United States and other world cultures.

Recognize a primary and secondary group common to a different age group in society.

Using a resource, identify a characteristic of an issue associated with social structure or social institutions.

Recognize an issue with a social structure.

Identify a way to effect change in a social structure.

Recognize an example of the use of technology in social research.

Recognize a current issue that has resulted from scientific discoveries and/or technological innovations.

Recognize a way societies change over time.

Recognize a reason societies change over time.

Recognize a social influence that can lead to immediate and long-term changes.

Recognize an example of how collective behavior can influence and change society.

Recognize an example of a technological innovation or scientific discovery that has influenced a major social institution.

Recognize a potential future effect of an innovation in science or technological change on social interaction and culture.

Recognize a way the role of mass media has changed over time.

Recognize an example of a potential change in the role of mass media in the future.

Recognize an example of a social movement and collective behavior from history.

Recognize an example of a contemporary social movement and collective behavior.

Recognize a consequence in society as a result of a change.

Recognize the development of the use of a specific type of technology in the community.

Recognize a characteristic of a social problem.

Recognize a characteristic of an individual problem.

Recognize an example of a social problem that has changed over time.

Identify an example of how patterns of behavior are found with a social problem.

Recognize an implication of a social problem for society.

Recognize an example of how an individual or group response is often associated with a social problem.

Identify a possible solution to resolving a social problem.

Recognize a possible consequence that might result from that possible solution.

Recognize a social problem in a local community.

Identify a local agency involved in addressing a social problem

Participate in school- and community-based projects to address a local aspect of a social problem

Using a source, identify an example of how incorrect communications can influence group behavior.

Recognize a tradition necessary for a community to continue.

Recognize a role necessary for a community to continue.

Recognize an expectation necessary for a community to continue.

Recognize an example of how collective behavior (working in groups) can influence and change society.

Identify an historical example to define collective behavior.

Identify a contemporary example to define collective behavior.

Recognize a theory that attempts to explain collective behavior.

Recognize a social issue that could be analyzed.

Recognize a factor that could lead to the breakdown and disruption of an existing community.

Identify a way that a leader impacted a social movement.

Recognize a characteristic of propaganda.

Recognize a method of propaganda.

Identify a way propaganda is used to influence social behavior.

Recognize a benefit of collective behavior in society.

Recognize a social cost of collective behavior in society.

Recognize an example of a community social problem.

Identify an appropriate action to address a given problem.

Use a timeline to identify the cause-and-effect relationships of historical events.

Identify terms of time sequence such as decade, century, and era.

Examine and describe information in primary and secondary sources.

Identify how historians use historical inquiry and related sciences to understand the past.

Compare differences in interpretations of historians about events

Identify the role of history in shaping the identity of culture and character.

Locate the extent of Byzantine territory at the height of the empire

Identify the social rankings in medieval society and the role feudalism played in Western Civilization.

Identify the achievements under the leadership of significant rulers.

Recognize ways Christian monasteries and convents helped the people through education, charity, and agriculture.

Recognize how Western civilization was influenced by Greco-Roman civilization.

Recognize how cultural unity within Europe was impacted by Judeo-Christian influence.

Recognize difficulties experienced by Western Europe in the 1300s, such as the Great Famine, Black Death, and the Hundred Years War.

Recognize how the modern economy developed, such as from the growth of the early banking system, advancements in agriculture, the rise of the merchant class, and the growth of towns and cities.

Identify the characteristics and development of national identity in England, France, and Spain.

Recognize figures, such as Thomas Aquinas and Roger Bacon, and achievements, such as the advancement of education and law, of the medieval period in Western Europe.

Recognize that developments in medieval English history established legal principles, such as English Common law, the Magna Carta, and habeas corpus.

Identify the influence of medieval legal principles on the development of modern democratic institutions.

Identify physical features of Japan that impacted its development.

Describe the impact of Constantine the Greats establishment of Constantinople and Christianity as a legal religion.

Identify major developments in medieval Japan, such as the influence of the religions, feudal system, government, and military.

Compare Japanese feudalism with Western European feudalism during the Middle Ages.

Identify an example of Japan's cultural and economic relationship to China and Korea.

Compare the impact of the old Roman Empire on the continuation of the newly formed Byzantine Empire.

Identify key figures associated with the Byzantine Empire.

Identify the major influences of the Byzantine Empire on the development of Western Civilizations such as Justinians Code.

Identify the effects of the Great Christian Schism.

Identify the causes of the decline of the Byzantine Empire.

Describe the rise of the Ottoman Turks, and the conquest of Constantinople in 1453.

Explain the impact of the collapse of the Western Roman Empire on Europe.

Identify significant people and beliefs associated with Islam, such as Muhammad, Islamic law, and the relationship between government and religion.

Recognize significant characteristics of Ghana, such as salt and gold trade, matrilineal inheritance, rise of Islam, and slavery.

Recognize significant characteristics of Mali, such as Mansa Musa, gold mining, salt trade, and slavery.

Identify characteristics associated with Songhai, such as gold, salt trade, Sankore University, and provincial political structure.

Recognize economic, political, and social developments in East, West, and South Africa.

Recognize factors that led to the fall of the empires of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai, such as disruption of trade and internal political struggles.

Identify legacies, such as religion, astronomy, and architecture, of the Olmec, Zapotec, and Chavin on later civilizations.

Recognize major civilizations of Mesoamerica and Andean South America, such as the Maya, Aztec, and Inca.

Recognize the roles of people, such as class structures, family life, warfare, religious beliefs and practices, and slavery in Maya, Inca, and Aztec societies.

Recognize common characteristics of the major civilizations of Meso and South America, such as agriculture, architecture, astronomy, mathematics, and government.

Identify the impact of significant Meso and South American rulers such as Pacal the Great, Moctezuma I, and Huayna Capac.

Compare the major beliefs and principles of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Recognize effects of Islamic military expansion through Central Asia, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula, such as the Crusades, the capture of Jerusalem, and conversion of the Mongols to Islam.

Identify factors that led to the expansion of Islam into India, such as traders, missionary activities, invasions, and the introduction of the Islamic faith to Hindus in India.

Recognize achievements, contributions, and key figures associated with the Islamic Golden Age, such as in medicine (Avicenna), mathematics, and philosophy (Averroes).

Recognize key developments in Islamic history, such as the form of government (caliphate), the formation of different religious groups, Sunni and Shi'a, and the importance of slave trade.

Recognize effects of the European response to Islamic expansion, such as the Crusades and Reconquista.

Identify important figures associated with the Crusades.

Identify the growth of sub-Saharan African kingdoms and empires, such as Ghana, Mali, or Songhai.

Recognize that Italian city-states, such as Florence, Milan, Naples, Venice, had ideal locations on the Italian peninsula that made them grow wealthy through trade and cultural diversity.

Identify the major contributions of individuals associated with the Scientific Revolution.

Recognize causes that led to the Age of Exploration, such as the need for new routes and goods to trade.

Identify the major voyages and sponsors within the Age of Exploration.

Recognize impacts of the Columbian Exchange, such as the exchange of agricultural goods, diseases, and ideas between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.

Recognize ways the economic and political systems of Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, France, and England were used in the Americas.

Recognize how the practice of slavery and other forms of forced labor differed in Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

Identify the origins, developments, and impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade between West Africa and the Americas.

Recognize an influence of architectural, artistic, and literary development of Renaissance Italy.

Recognize the artistic, literary and technological contributions during the Renaissance of artists, such as da Vinci and Michelangelo; of writers, such as Petrarch and Shakespeare; and of inventors, such as Gutenberg.

Identify characteristics of Renaissance humanism in literature and the arts.

Recognize new ideas developed during the Scientific Revolution, such as the discovery that the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun, the pendulum, the law of gravity, the scientific method, and the microscope.

Recognize how scientific theories and methods of the Scientific Revolution challenged the beliefs of the early classical and medieval periods.

Recognize the impact of the Roman Catholic reformers, such as Erasmus, Wycliffe, or Huss.

Recognize the effect of the Protestant religious reforms of Luther, Calvin, and Henry VIII.

Recognize the reforms that were enacted by the Roman Catholic Church during the Catholic Counter Reformation.

Compare the causes and effects of the development of constitutional monarchy in England with those of the development of absolute monarchy in France, Spain, and Russia.

Compare influences of the Enlightenment, such as the Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and Reformation.

Recognize major ideas of Enlightenment philosophers, such as the importance of a government and natural rights.

Identify ways the Enlightenment influenced development in the Western World, such as the spread of democracy and equality in politics and religious freedom.

Identify how the Enlightenment impacted the American and French Revolutions.

Recognize effects of the French Revolution, including the rise and rule of Napoleon.

Describe the causes and effects of 19th Century Latin American and Caribbean independence movements led by people including Bolivar, de San Martin, and L' Ouverture.

Recognize the agricultural and technological innovations that led to industrialization in Western Europe, the United States, and Japan.

Recognize the social and economic effects of the Industrial Revolution, such as increased productivity, the rise of the middle class, and the conditions faced by workers.

Compare the major differences between the philosophies of Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx, capitalism and communism.

Recognize effects of reform movements during the 19th and early 20th century, such as abolition of slavery in the British Empire, expansion of women’s rights, and labor laws.

Recognize the causes, key events, and effects of the unification of Italy and Germany.

Recognize the cause and effects of imperialism, such as social and religious impact on Indigenous peoples, expansion of political and economic control of other countries, and perceived superiority of Western ways.

Recognize major events in China, such as the Western incursions and the nationalist revolution and formation of the Republic of China.

Recognize major causes of World War I, such as imperialism, nationalism, and militarism, and the formation of European alliances.

Recognize that President Truman’s decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan ended the war but led to the beginning of the nuclear arms race.

Recognize effects of World War II, such as death of soldiers and civilians, destruction of land and property, and creation of the United Nations.

Describe the changing nature of warfare during World War I, such as the use of new weapons and strategies and increased destruction of the land and human life.

Recognize the important effects of World War I, such as the breakup of empires into separate countries and the Treaty of Versailles.

Identify effects of the German economic crisis of the 1920s and global depression of the 1930s, such as closing of businesses and banks, loss of jobs, poverty, and how governments responded.

Recognize why authoritarian governments came to power in the Soviet Union, Italy, Germany, and Spain and identify the main ideas of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, and Francisco Franco.

Recognize that the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany used mass terror and restriction of individual rights in order to control their people.

Recognize the causes of World War II and the major events in the war, such as rise of totalitarian governments, conquest of countries in Europe, the Japanese invasion of China; and the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Battle of Midway; and the D-Day invasion.

Recognize major effects of the Holocaust (1933-1945), including the Nazi dehumanization of Jews and other victims, long tradition of antisemitism, and 19th century ideas about race and nation.

Recognize the wartime strategies and post-war plans that were developed by the Allied leaders, such as Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin

Recognize that the countries of NATO aligned with the United States and countries in the Warsaw Pact aligned with the Soviet Union after World War II.

Recognize impacts of religious fundamentalism and other factors in the Middle East, such as the Iranian Revolution, armed warriors (Mujahideen) in Afghanistan, and the Persian Gulf War in the last half of the 20th century.

Identify characteristics of the early Cold War, such as the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, and the Iron Curtain.

Recognize that China became a world power after the communists defeated the nationalists in the Chinese Civil War.

Identify effects of the arms race, such as increased weapons and armies in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Recognize factors that led to the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, such as the arms race and resistance by the citizens within the countries.

Recognize a reason why Israel became a country and characteristics of conflicts between Israel and the Arab world including the Zionist movement led by Theodor Herzl, and the ongoing military and political conflicts.

Identify post-war independence movements in African, Asian, or Caribbean colonies.

Recognize the goals of nationalist leaders, such as Mahatma Ghandi, Fidel Castro, and Gamal Abdel Nasser, in the post-war era.

Identify the successes and failures of the democratic reformation in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and Latin America.

Recognize major scientific figures and breakthroughs of the 20th century, important discoveries, and their impact on everyday life.

Recognize effects of post-World War II economic changes, such as medical and technological advances, increased consumption, and rise in expectations for standards of living.

Recognize that governmental policies and economic, religious, and other cultural factors have contributed to acts of discrimination, ethnic cleansing, or genocide in Cambodia, the Balkans, Rwanda and Darfur.

Describe governmental and non-governmental responses to mass national genocide in Cambodia, the Balkans, Rwanda and Darfur.

Describe the causes and effects of twentieth century nationalist conflicts.

Identify the impacts of pandemics within developing countries.

Recognize ways nations participate in global trade and trade agreements with other countries including trade blocs such as European Union and NAFTA.

Recognize the impact of increased globalization in the 20th and 21st centuries.

Recognize the impact and response to threats of international terrorism.

In kindergarten and 1st grade, students learn the difference between formal and informal language. For example, the way we talk to our friends differs from the way we speak to adults. In 2nd grade and beyond, students practice appropriate social and academic language to discuss texts.

Students will incorporate skills learned into work products to produce quality work. For students to incorporate these skills appropriately, they must receive instruction. A 3rd grade student creating a poster board display must have instruction in how to effectively present information to do quality work.

In grades 3-12, students engage in academic conversations discussing claims and justifying their reasoning, refining and applying skills. Students build on ideas, propel the conversation, and support claims and counterclaims with evidence.

In grades 1-2, students build upon these skills by justifying what they are thinking. For example: “I think ________ because _______.” The collaborative conversations are becoming academic conversations.

In kindergarten, students learn to listen to one another respectfully.

Students will make inferences before the words infer or inference are introduced. Kindergarten students will answer questions like “Why is the girl smiling?” or make predictions about what will happen based on the title page. Students will use the terms and apply them in 2nd grade and beyond.

See Text Complexity for grade-level complexity bands and a text complexity rubric.

9-12 Students continue with previous skills and should be aware of existing style guides and the ways in which they differ.

6-8 Students continue with previous skills and use a style guide to create a proper citation.

4-5 Students continue with previous skills and reference comments made by speakers and peers. Students cite texts that they’ve directly quoted, paraphrased, or used for information. When writing, students will use the form of citation dictated by the instructor or the style guide referenced by the instructor.

2-3 Students include relevant textual evidence in their written and oral communication. Students should name the text when they refer to it. In 3rd grade, students should use a combination of direct and indirect citations.

K-1 Students include textual evidence in their oral communication with guidance and support from adults. The evidence can consist of details from the text without naming the text. During 1st grade, students learn how to incorporate the evidence in their writing.

Indicate how various concepts can be applied to other disciplines.

Support students as they validate conclusions by comparing them to the given situation.

Challenge students to question the accuracy of their models and methods.

Provide opportunities for students to create models, both concrete and abstract, and perform investigations.

Teachers who encourage students to apply mathematics to real-world contexts:

Strengthen students’ ability to verify solutions through justifications.

Reinforce that students check their work as they progress within and after a task.

Prompt students to continually ask, “Does this solution make sense? How do you know?”

Have students estimate or predict solutions prior to solving.

Teachers who encourage students to assess the reasonableness of solutions:

Develop students’ ability to construct relationships between their current understanding and more sophisticated ways of thinking.

Provide opportunities for students to create plans and procedures to solve problems.

Support students to develop generalizations based on the similarities found among problems.

Help students recognize the patterns in the world around them and connect these patterns to mathematical concepts.

Teachers who encourage students to use patterns and structure to help understand and connect mathematical concepts:

Develop students’ ability to justify methods and compare their responses to the responses of their peers.

Select, sequence and present student work to advance and deepen understanding of correct and increasingly efficient methods.

Create opportunities for students to discuss their thinking with peers.

Establish a culture in which students ask questions of the teacher and their peers, and error is an opportunity for learning.

Teachers who encourage students to engage in discussions that reflect on the mathematical thinking of self and others:

Provide opportunities for students to reflect on the method they used and determine if a more efficient method could have been used.

Offer multiple opportunities for students to practice efficient and generalizable methods.

Provide students with the flexibility to solve problems by selecting a procedure that allows them to solve efficiently and accurately.

Teachers who encourage students to complete tasks with mathematical fluency:

Show students that various representations can have different purposes and can be useful in different situations.

Guide students from concrete to pictorial to abstract representations as understanding progresses.

Provide opportunities for students to use manipulatives when investigating concepts.

Help students make connections between concepts and representations.

Teachers who encourage students to demonstrate understanding by representing problems in multiple ways:

Recognize students’ effort when solving challenging problems.

Develop students’ ability to analyze and problem solve.

Foster perseverance in students by choosing tasks that are challenging.

Cultivate a community of growth mindset learners.

Teachers who encourage students to participate actively in effortful learning both individually and with others:

Instruction includes pay off plans for a business and for an individual.

Instruction includes the comparison of different plans to pay off the debt.

Personal financing options include debit cards, credit cards, installment plans and loans.

Instruction includes advantages and disadvantages for a business and for an individual.

Within the Algebra 1 course, interest is limited to simple and compound.

Instruction includes taking into consideration the annual percentage rate (APR) when comparing simple and compound interest.

Instruction includes the role of Federalist No. 14 in determining the economic system of the United States.

Instruction includes Enlightenment philosophers who influenced the Founders conception of economic freedom (e.g., John Locke, Adam Smith, John Trenchard, Thomas Gordon).

Instruction includes the reasons for Plymouth Plantation moving from a communal society to one of private ownership (e.g., the free-rider problem, Governor William Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation).

Instruction includes the economic disparity between nations with property rights and those without property rights using gross domestic product per capita.

Instruction includes how an individual’s economic prosperity leads to societal economic prosperity.

Instruction includes the role of personal incentives in promoting and achieving economic prosperity.

Instruction includes the methods Marx determined were necessary to achieve communism (e.g., violence, revolution and the dismantling of all existing social conditions, abolition of private property, forced labor).

Instruction includes social theories (e.g., “forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions,” abolition of the nuclear family, marriage, religion, education).

Instruction includes political theories (e.g., dialectical materialism, all history is “class struggles,” oppressor and oppressed political change through revolution and violence).

Instruction includes economic theories (e.g., on private enterprise, capitalism, private property, “despotic inroads on the rights of property,” taxes, inheritance, “equal liability for all to work”).

Instruction includes understanding the impact to one’s taxes from receiving an inheritance.

Instruction includes creating a detailed plan for an inheritance.

Instruction includes understanding that an inheritance is money or assets a person has been bequeathed when someone passes.

Instruction includes understanding that employers may check a prospective employee’s digital footprint as part of the hiring process.

Instruction includes recommending actions a victim of identity theft should take to limit losses and restore personal security.

Instruction includes describing the conditions under which individuals should and should not disclose their Social Security number, account numbers, or other sensitive personal information.

Instruction includes giving specific examples of how online transactions, online banking, email frauds, and telemarketing calls can make consumers vulnerable to identity theft.

Instruction includes describing problems that can occur when an individual is a victim of identity theft.

Instruction includes understanding that workers’ compensation is a government-mandated program that provides benefits to workers that become injured or ill on a job or because of the job.

Instruction includes comparing the coverage and costs of hypothetical plans for a set of scenarios utilizing various types of insurance.

Instruction includes understanding multiple types of insurance: health, disability, long-term care, travel, auto, renter, life, homeowner, and property and casualty.

Instruction includes factors that potentially lower insurance rates such as taking a safe-driving course to lower auto insurance cost or lower health insurance premiums for non-smokers.

Instruction includes understanding that deductibles and copayments are cost-sharing features that encourage the policyholder to take steps to reduce the potential size of an insurance claim.

Instruction includes understanding that having insurance may result in the policyholder taking more risks.

Instruction includes understanding why homeowners’ insurance is required by a lender when a homeowner takes out a mortgage.

Instruction includes understanding that insurance companies allow the risk of loss to be spread amongst all policyholders.

Instruction includes understanding the potential effects on premium costs if in an emergency fund.

Instruction includes understanding self-insurance and the practice of having an emergency fund.

Instruction includes understanding reasons for the use of digital currency: financial privacy concerns, international payments, the ability to execute smart contracts, and speculation.

Instruction includes understanding that a digital currency is a digital asset secured by cryptography and recorded on a block chain that may be used to send or receive payments on the internet.

Instruction includes understanding the dollar price of a digital currency can be very volatile as it depends on the digital currency’s supply and demand.

Instruction includes understanding various investment applications (mobile applications) that may be used to hold investment accounts.

Instruction includes analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each account that holds an investment.

Instruction includes understanding that each account that holds an investment has its own risk, and the consumer must decide whether the risk is worth the reward.

Instruction includes understanding why it is important for individuals to have accurate information about a company’s sales and profits when investing in that company.

Instruction includes understanding how the portfolio of a retiree might differ from that of a young, single person.

Instruction includes understanding why a financial advisor might encourage a client to include stocks, bonds, and real estate assets in his or her portfolio.

Instruction includes understanding that an investment with greater risk than another investment may have a lower market price, and therefore a higher rate of return, than the other investment.

Instruction includes discussing costs and fees associated with different types of investments. These costs and fees may include, but are not limited to, management fees, commissions, and annual expense ratios.

Instruction includes discussing tax implications of each type of investment.

Instruction includes understanding that each investment has its own risk, and the consumer must decide whether the risk is worth the reward by examining available data.

Instruction includes understanding the long-term costs of student loans such as accrued interest during periods of deferment or forbearance.

Instruction includes understanding Parent Loan for Undergraduate Students (PLUS) loans, private student loans, direct subsidized loans, and direct unsubsidized loans.

Instruction includes identifying scholarships and grants for which an individual student may be eligible.

Instruction includes understanding the process and importance of completing the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA).

Instruction includes understanding that credit report errors may increase the cost of credit.

Instruction includes understanding why it is important to check the accuracy of the information recorded on a credit report and knowing what steps to take to correct errors on credit reports.

Instruction includes understanding lending laws: provision of full disclosure of credit terms, discriminatory lending practices, abusive marketing practices, and debt collection.

Instruction includes understanding factors related to mortgage lending: down payment, fixed vs. variable rates, and insurance requirements.

Instruction includes understanding the impact of filing for bankruptcy on an individual’s credit report.

Instruction includes identifying the costs and benefits associated with using different credit counseling services.

Instruction includes understanding that credit card interest rates are higher for people considered to have a higher risk of nonpayment as determined by their credit scores.

Instruction includes understanding that while credit cards are useful for making purchases, interest rates on credit card loans are generally higher than other types of loans and may also have additional fees.

Instruction includes understanding a credit score and what it indicates about a borrower.

Instruction includes understanding the typical choices made on a car loan such as amount of down payment, interest rate, term of loan, and monthly payment.

Instruction includes the different aspects of a loan application, which include its basic requirements, limits, and credit check.

Instruction includes understanding that credit bureaus record borrowers’ credit and payment histories, and provide that information to lenders in credit reports.

Instruction includes discussing why people make a down payment and why lenders may consider loans made with a down payment to have less risk.

Instruction includes understanding why a borrower who has made a down payment has an incentive to repay a loan or make payments on time.

Instruction includes how a down payment reduces the total amount financed and why this reduces the monthly payment and/or the length of the loan.

Instruction includes understanding unsecured versus secured credit cards.

Instruction includes explaining why secured loans are viewed as having less risk and why lenders charge a lower interest rate than they charge for unsecured loans.

Instruction includes understanding the possible negative impacts of low-rate introductory credit offers on consumers.

Instruction includes the motivating factors for a bank offering low-rate introductory credit offers.

Instruction includes the use of APR, initial fees, late fees, nonpayment fees, and other relevant information to compare the cost of credit from various sources for the purchase of a product.

Instruction includes the purpose and function of the following agencies: Federal Reserve, Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), and state banking departments.

Instruction includes understanding the role that government agencies charged with regulating financial institutions play in helping to protect the safety, soundness, and legal compliance of the nation’s banking system.

Instruction includes the benefits and drawbacks of saving and spending in various situations.

Instruction includes understanding that account holders should regularly check the deposits and withdrawals to the accounts to ensure that these transactions were authorized by the account holder, in addition to checking for any fees charged and whether appropriate interest was credited to the account.

Instruction includes understanding the different components of an account, such as the routing number and the account number.

Instruction includes understanding the process for opening and managing a bank account.

Instruction includes online banking, minimum balance requirements, monthly fees, overdraft penalties, and interest rates.

Instruction includes credit unions, commercial banks, traditional banks, and online banks.

Instruction includes the functions of each account (checking, savings, money markets, and certificates of deposit (CDs)), and the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Instruction includes identifying consumer-advocacy agencies (e.g., Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Better Business Bureau (BBB), Chamber of Commerce, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and Federal Trade Commission (FTC)).

Instruction emphasizes that users may be entering into a contract when agreeing to terms and conditions on webpages or applications.

Instruction includes understanding terms and conditions may include, but are not limited to, duration, termination, payment terms, dispute resolution, privacy and sharing of personal information.

Instruction emphasizes that contracts are legally binding and breaking a contract may have consequences.

Instruction includes common contracts such as cell phone plans, leases of apartments or homes, car leases, car purchases, and mortgages.

Instruction includes understanding that budgets can be developed using paper, digital spreadsheets, websites, mobile phone applications, or using other financial applications.

Instruction includes developing budgets with fixed and variable expenses, unexpected expenses (including emergency funds) and savings.

Instruction includes understanding that while the seller of a good being purchased may not explicitly charge the consumer, the consumer may bear a portion of the fees by paying a higher price.

Instruction includes understanding various forms of payments and associated costs: cash, checks, debit cards, credit cards, mobile payments, prepaid cards, buy now pay later, layaways, and rent to own.

Instruction includes understanding the different ways retailers express the prices of their products.

Instruction includes the comparison of consumer decisions to purchase a similar item.

Instruction includes understanding that local taxes are dedicated to a particular use, such as schools or local infrastructure projects.

Instruction includes understanding that states, counties, and municipalities may have different tax rates and taxes.

Instruction includes understanding why calculating one’s taxes may differ from the government’s calculations.

Instruction includes formally (using tax tables) and informally (estimating) calculating taxes.

Instruction includes the identification of various payroll taxes and withholdings (e.g., Social Security, Medicare, federal withholding, etc.).

Instruction includes understanding the motivating factors for being self-employed or working as an independent contractor in the “gig” economy.

Instruction includes the tax implications of being an entrepreneur such as the self-employment tax.

Instruction includes understanding how owning a small business can be a person’s primary career or can supplement income from other sources.

Instruction includes identifying the roles and characteristics of an entrepreneur and understanding that taking on risk is an implicit part of being an entrepreneur.

Instruction includes evaluating the benefits and costs of entrepreneurship.

Instruction includes types of goods that are subject to sales taxes and those that are exempt.

Instruction includes how federal tax brackets illustrate a progressive tax and a sales tax is viewed as a regressive tax as well as the differences between each type of tax.

Instruction includes tax rates on earned income, interest, and capital gains.

Instruction includes understanding the differences between interest, dividends, and capital gains.

Instruction includes the major types of taxes: income, payroll, property, and sales tax.

Instruction includes the identification of the use of specific tax revenues.

Instruction includes the identification of the governmental agency that receives tax revenue for a specific tax.

Instruction includes various career pathways including those that do not require college attendance.

Instruction includes comparing the unemployment rates of workers with different levels of education.

Instruction includes comparing the benefits, costs, and the return on investment of a college education to those of a technical school.

Instruction includes the ways that an individual can earn income: full-time employee, part-time employee, self-employment, investment, or passive income.

Instruction includes the identification of non-income factors and the importance of these factors as compared to potential income.

Instruction includes biases such as loss aversion, the endowment effect, herd mentality, anchoring, and present bias.

Instruction includes how societal values impact personal financial decisions.

Instruction includes how values may vary from person to person.

Students will analyze the disadvantages of authoritarian control over the economy (e.g., communism and socialism) in generating broad-based economic prosperity for their population.

Students will differentiate between economic systems (e.g., capitalism, communism, mixed market, socialism).

Students will differentiate between government systems (e.g., autocracy, democracy, monarchy, oligarchy republic, theocracy).

Analyze how liberty and economic freedom generate broad-based opportunity and prosperity in the United States.

Identify the factors of production and why they are necessary for the production of goods and services.

Evaluate and reflect on how values affect personal financial decision-making.

Describe the types and sources of taxes at the local level.

Cite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.

Read and comprehend grade-level complex texts proficiently.

Make inferences to support comprehension.

Use appropriate collaborative techniques and active listening skills when engaging in discussions in a variety of situations.

Use the accepted rules governing a specific format to create quality work.

Use appropriate voice and tone when speaking or writing.

English language learners communicate information, ideas and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of Mathematics.

English language learners communicate information, ideas and concepts necessary for academic success in the content area of Social Studies.

Compare simple, compound and continuously compounded interest over time.

Given a real-world scenario, establish a plan to pay off debt.

Solve real-world problems involving simple, compound and continuously compounded interest.

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of using cash versus personal financing options.

Simulate the purchase of a stock portfolio with a set amount of money, and evaluate its worth over time considering gains, losses and selling, taking into account any associated fees.

Actively participate in effortful learning both individually and collectively. Mathematicians who participate in effortful learning both individually and with others: o Analyze the problem in a way that makes sense given the task. o Ask questions that will help with solving the task. o Build perseverance by modifying methods as needed while solving a challenging task. o Stay engaged and maintain a positive mindset when working to solve tasks. o Help and support each other when attempting a new method or approach.

Demonstrate understanding by representing problems in multiple ways. Mathematicians who demonstrate understanding by representing problems in multiple ways: o Build understanding through modeling and using manipulatives. o Represent solutions to problems in multiple ways using objects, drawings, tables, graphs and equations. o Progress from modeling problems with objects and drawings to using algorithms and equations. o Express connections between concepts and representations. o Choose a representation based on the given context or purpose.

Complete tasks with mathematical fluency. Mathematicians who complete tasks with mathematical fluency: o Select efficient and appropriate methods for solving problems within the given context. o Maintain flexibility and accuracy while performing procedures and mental calculations. o Complete tasks accurately and with confidence. o Adapt procedures to apply them to a new context. o Use feedback to improve efficiency when performing calculations.

Engage in discussions that reflect on the mathematical thinking of self and others. Mathematicians who engage in discussions that reflect on the mathematical thinking of self and others: o Communicate mathematical ideas, vocabulary and methods effectively. o Analyze the mathematical thinking of others. o Compare the efficiency of a method to those expressed by others. o Recognize errors and suggest how to correctly solve the task. o Justify results by explaining methods and processes. o Construct possible arguments based on evidence.

Use patterns and structure to help understand and connect mathematical concepts. Mathematicians who use patterns and structure to help understand and connect mathematical concepts: o Focus on relevant details within a problem. o Create plans and procedures to logically order events, steps or ideas to solve problems. o Decompose a complex problem into manageable parts. o Relate previously learned concepts to new concepts. o Look for similarities among problems. o Connect solutions of problems to more complicated large-scale situations.

Assess the reasonableness of solutions. Mathematicians who assess the reasonableness of solutions: o Estimate to discover possible solutions. o Use benchmark quantities to determine if a solution makes sense. o Check calculations when solving problems. o Verify possible solutions by explaining the methods used. o Evaluate results based on the given context.

Apply mathematics to real-world contexts. Mathematicians who apply mathematics to real-world contexts: o Connect mathematical concepts to everyday experiences. o Use models and methods to understand, represent and solve problems. o Perform investigations to gather data or determine if a method is appropriate. o Redesign models and methods to improve accuracy or efficiency.

Understand how cognitive biases affect personal financial decision-making.

Describe how people choose jobs or careers for which they are qualified based on potential income as well as non-income factors, such as job satisfaction, independence, risk, family, or location.

Evaluate the benefits and costs of “gig” employment.

Describe how Social Security is funded and the benefit it provides to retirees.

Identify and complete appropriate tax forms to calculate the amount of federal income tax owed.

Analyze the ways that people can make more informed education, job, or career decisions by evaluating the benefits and costs of different choices.

Explain that taxes are paid to federal, state, and local governments to fund government goods and services as well as transfer payments from government to individuals.

Explain how interest, dividends, and capital gains are forms of income earned from financial investments.

Evaluate how the sources of income, amount of income, as well as the amount and type of spending affect the types and amounts of taxes paid.

Describe why some people choose to become entrepreneurs as a career choice.

Analyze the factors that influence a consumer’s decision-making process (e.g., the price of a good or service, the price of alternatives, income level, personal preferences, advertisements, and reviews.)

Understand that when individuals or business owners buy or sell goods or services, they may enter into contracts.

Evaluate and interpret terms and conditions within a contract.

Understand the process of identifying and contesting an incorrect billing statement.

Describe ways that consumers may be influenced by how the price of a good is expressed.

Explain that people may choose to donate money to charitable organizations and other not-for-profit organizations because they gain satisfaction from donating.

Evaluate how different forms of payment can result in costs or fees.

Develop a budget based on a given income and expenses for long-term and short-term financial goals.

Describe the different types of accounts and financial products offered through banking institutions.

Compare and contrast the characteristics of the various accounts and services offered by depository institutions.

Explain how people should regularly track and manage funds in their account to ensure enough funds are available in those accounts to cover any outstanding transactions or future automated withdrawals.

Analyze the impact of spending versus saving.

Explain ways that government agencies supervise and regulate financial institutions to help protect the safety, soundness, and legal compliance of the United States banking and financial system.

Analyze the ways that consumers can compare the cost of credit by using the annual percentage rate (APR), initial fees charged, and fees charged for late payment or missed payments.

Examine the fact that failure to repay a loan has significant consequences for borrowers such as negative entries on their credit report, repossession of property (collateral), garnishment of wages, and the inability to obtain loans in the future.

Explain that consumers who have difficulty repaying debt can seek assistance through credit counseling services and by negotiating directly with creditors.

Explain how bankruptcy may be an option for consumers who are unable to repay debt.

Explain that people often apply for a mortgage to purchase a home.

Discuss that consumers who use credit should be aware of laws that are in place to protect them.

Explain that consumers are entitled to a free copy of their credit report annually.

Analyze how postsecondary education can be financed through a combination of scholarships, grants, and other financial aid (e.g., Bright Futures, work-study, student loans, and savings).

Compare different types of student loans and understand how to complete a student loan application.

Explain why banks and financial institutions sometimes compete by offering credit at low introductory rates.

Explain that loans can be unsecured or secured with collateral.

Describe the factors that influence the cost of borrowing from the perspective of the buyer and the seller, such as down payments and interest rates.

Explain that lenders make credit decisions based in part on consumer payment history.

Demonstrate an understanding of completing a loan application.

Discuss that lenders can pay to receive a borrower’s credit score from a credit bureau.

Analyze the costs and benefits associated with credit cards.

Describe that, in addition to assessing a person’s credit risk, credit reports and scores may be requested and used by employers in hiring decisions, property owners in deciding whether to rent apartments, and insurance companies in charging premiums.

Explain the purpose of the following investments: stocks, bonds, mutual funds, index funds, and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs); real estate; money markets and annuities; and others (e.g., commodities).

Explain that people vary in their willingness to take risks because the willingness to take risks depends on factors such as personality, income, time horizon, and family situation.

Describe why an economic role for a government may exist if individuals do not have complete information about the nature of alternative investments or access to competitive financial markets.

Compare the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Federal Reserve, and other government agencies that regulate financial markets.

Describe the purpose of the following accounts that hold investments: various retirement accounts (e.g., 401(k), 403(b), Traditional IRA, Roth IRA), education accounts (e.g., 529 savings plan, Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA)), and taxable investment brokerage accounts.

Evaluate the motives for using a digital currency.

Explain how the expenses of buying, selling, and holding financial assets decrease the rate of return from an investment.

Discuss the trade-off between risk and return in comparing financial investments.

Describe how diversifying investments in different types of financial assets can lower investment risk.

Describe how individuals vary with respect to their willingness to accept risk and why most people are willing to pay a small cost now if it means they can avoid a possible larger loss later.

Identify how responsible use of personal information can prevent identity theft.

Compare federal and state regulations that provide some remedies, and assistance for victims of identity theft.

Identify the implications of social networking sites and other online activity on an individual’s digital footprint.

Explain the implications of receiving an inheritance.

Understand that insurance companies charge premiums to create a pool of money from which the company uses to pay for losses incurred by policyholders.

Describe why people choose different amounts of insurance coverage based on their willingness to accept risk, as well as their occupation, lifestyle, age, financial profile, and the price of insurance.

Explain how governments and contractual obligations can influence the decisions and responsibilities of individuals to obtain different forms of insurance.

Describe how an insurance contract can increase the probability or size of a potential loss.

Explain that people can lower insurance premiums by behaving in ways that show they pose a lower risk.

Identify the purposes of various types of insurance.

Explain how government programs provide a social safety net that protects an individual from an economic hardship created by unexpected events.

Examine the economic, social, and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels as outlined in The Communist Manifesto (1848).

Describe the essential role of private ownership of property in securing political freedom, economic freedom, and societal prosperity.

Trace the decision to pursue a market economy in the United States.

Describe how propaganda is used to create a “cult of personality” for communist leaders.

Clarifications: Seat-belt enforcement, underage alcohol sales, reporting communicable diseases, child care, and AED availability.cla

Clarifications: In kindergarten and 1st grade, students learn the difference between formal and informal language. For example, the way we talk to our friends differs from the way we speak to adults. In 2nd grade and beyond, students practice appropriate social and academic language to discuss texts.

Clarifications: Students will incorporate skills learned into work products to produce quality work. For students to incorporate these skills appropriately, they must receive instruction. A 3rd grade student creating a poster board display must have instruction in how to effectively present information to do quality work.

Clarifications: In kindergarten, students learn to listen to one another respectfully. In grades 1-2, students build upon these skills by justifying what they are thinking. For example: “I think ________ because _______.” The collaborative conversations are becoming academic conversations. In grades 3-12, students engage in academic conversations discussing claims and justifying their reasoning, refining and applying skills. Students build on ideas, propel the conversation, and support claims and counterclaims with evidence.

Clarifications: Students will make inferences before the words infer or inference are introduced. Kindergarten students will answer questions like “Why is the girl smiling?” or make predictions about what will happen based on the title page. Students will use the terms and apply them in 2nd grade and beyond.

Clarifications: K-1 Students include textual evidence in their oral communication with guidance and support from adults. The evidence can consist of details from the text without naming the text. During 1st grade, students learn how to incorporate the evidence in their writing. 2-3 Students include relevant textual evidence in their written and oral communication. Students should name the text when they refer to it. In 3rd grade, students should use a combination of direct and indirect citations. 4-5 Students continue with previous skills and reference comments made by speakers and peers. Students cite texts that they’ve directly quoted, paraphrased, or used for information. When writing, students will use the form of citation dictated by the instructor or the style guide referenced by the instructor. 6-8 Students continue with previous skills and use a style guide to create a proper citation. 9-12 Students continue with previous skills and should be aware of existing style guides and the ways in which they differ.

Clarifications: Teachers who encourage students to apply mathematics to real-world contexts: Provide opportunities for students to create models, both concrete and abstract, and perform investigations. Challenge students to question the accuracy of their models and methods. Support students as they validate conclusions by comparing them to the given situation. Indicate how various concepts can be applied to other disciplines.

Clarifications: Teachers who encourage students to assess the reasonableness of solutions: Have students estimate or predict solutions prior to solving. Prompt students to continually ask, “Does this solution make sense? How do you know?” Reinforce that students check their work as they progress within and after a task. Strengthen students’ ability to verify solutions through justifications.

Clarifications: Teachers who encourage students to use patterns and structure to help understand and connect mathematical concepts: Help students recognize the patterns in the world around them and connect these patterns to mathematical concepts. Support students to develop generalizations based on the similarities found among problems. Provide opportunities for students to create plans and procedures to solve problems. Develop students’ ability to construct relationships between their current understanding and more sophisticated ways of thinking.

Clarifications: Teachers who encourage students to complete tasks with mathematical fluency: Provide students with the flexibility to solve problems by selecting a procedure that allows them to solve efficiently and accurately. Offer multiple opportunities for students to practice efficient and generalizable methods. Provide opportunities for students to reflect on the method they used and determine if a more efficient method could have been used.

Clarifications: Teachers who encourage students to demonstrate understanding by representing problems in multiple ways: Help students make connections between concepts and representations. Provide opportunities for students to use manipulatives when investigating concepts. Guide students from concrete to pictorial to abstract representations as understanding progresses. Show students that various representations can have different purposes and can be useful in different situations.

Clarifications: Teachers who encourage students to participate actively in effortful learning both individually and with others: Cultivate a community of growth mindset learners. Foster perseverance in students by choosing tasks that are challenging. Develop students’ ability to analyze and problem solve. Recognize students’ effort when solving challenging problems.

Clarifications: Examples are Cyprus, Kashmir, Tibet, Northern Ireland.

Clarifications: Examples are prejudice, racism, stereotyping, economic competition.

Clarifications: Examples are medical and technological advances, free market economics, increased consumption of natural resources and goods, rise in expectations for standards of living.

Clarifications: Examples are agriculture, architecture, astronomy, literature, mathematics, trade networks, government.

Clarifications: Examples are the prophet Muhammad, the early caliphs, the Pillars of Islam, Islamic law, the relationship between government and religion in Islam.

Clarifications: Examples are Pillow Book, Tale of Genji, Shinto and Japanese Buddhism, the rise of feudalism, the development of the shogunate, samurai, and social hierarchy.

Clarifications: Examples are ethnic, cultural, personal, national, religious.

Clarifications: Examples are archaeology, economics, geography, forensic chemistry, political science, physics.

Clarifications: Examples are artifacts, images, auditory and written sources.

Clarifications: Examples are Chinese, Gregorian, and Islamic calendars, dynastic periods, decade, century, era.

Clarifications: Examples are classical architecture, protest music, Native American dance, Japanese Noh.

Clarifications Examples are desertification, global warming, cataclysmic natural disasters.

Clarifications: Examples of physical characteristics are climate, terrain, resources. Examples of human characteristics are religion, government, economy, demography.

Clarifications Examples are thematic, contour, and dot-density.

Clarifications: Students should be encouraged to utilize FINDS (Focus, Investigate, Note, Develop, Score), Florida's research process model accessible at: http://www.fldoe.org/bii/library_media/pdf/12totalfinds.pdf

Clarifications: Examples of primary and secondary sources may be found on various websites such as the site for The Kinsey Collection.

Cite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.

Cite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.

ELA.K12.EE.2: Read and comprehend grade-level complex texts proficiently.

Make inferences to support comprehension.

Use appropriate collaborative techniques and active listening skills when engaging in discussions in a variety of situations.

Use appropriate collaborative techniques and active listening skills when engaging in discussions in a variety of situations.

Use the accepted rules governing a specific format to create quality work.

Use the accepted rules governing a specific format to create quality work.

Use appropriate voice and tone when speaking or writing.